Durable BaO–ZnO–P₂O₅ glass with small stress‐induced birefringence for lead‐free polarization light‐controlling devices

Abstract

Barium zinc phosphate glasses formulated in the xBaO–(60 − x)ZnO–40P2O5 composition line are investigated for their optical, thermal, and chemical characteristics. These as well as small stress‐induced birefringence were found to be governed by the BaO/ZnO substitution. In addition to the characterization of the properties, the phosphate network was qualitatively and quantitatively described in terms of Q2 and Q1 ratios by 1D 31P magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy experiments that also showed the presence of Q0 sites. It turns out that the small perturbations of their photoelastic, magnetic, and chemical characteristics made these glasses very good candidates for use in polarization‐controlling optical devices.

The Relationship among Electronic Polarizability, Photoelasticity, and Refractivity in Ternary Phosphate Glasses

“…Data from this study were combined with data from the existing literature. [ 6,13–15 ] The 67SnO–33P 2 O 5 ( x = 0) sample spectrum is similar to previous reports. [ 14,16 ] When ZnO replaces SnO, the central position of the chemical shift moves toward the positive side, together with Q 0 , Q 1 , and Q 2 species for x Zn(67– x )Sn33P glasses and Q 1 and Q 2 species for x Zn(60– x )Sn40P glasses.…”

“… 31 P MAS‐NMR spectra with decomposed spectra of a) x BaO–(50– x )ZnO–50P 2 O 5 –Al 2 O 3 , b) x BaO–(60– x )ZnO–40P 2 O 5 –Al 2 O 3 , [ 15 ] and c) x BaO–(67– x )ZnO–33P 2 O 5 –Al 2 O 3 glasses recorded at 9.4 T. The phosphate species are written in the spectra with nominal BaO ( x ) concentrations.…”

“…We have demonstrated that electronic polarizability can be used to obtain useful information upon predicting a composition with small PEC in Ba 2+ ‐ and Zn 2+ ‐containing ternary phosphate glasses. [ 15 ] Table 4 lists the reported molar volumes [ 18 ] and the electronic polarizability [ 19 ] for the constitution oxides alongside the modified ones. [ 15 ]…”

“…[ 15 ] Table 4 lists the reported molar volumes [ 18 ] and the electronic polarizability [ 19 ] for the constitution oxides alongside the modified ones. [ 15 ]…”

“…Figure 4 compares the calculated and observed electronic polarizability for the ternary ZnO–SnO–P 2 O 5 , BaO–SnO–P 2 O 5 , and BaO–ZnO–P 2 O 5 glasses, using the predicted data (Table 4) and the Lorentz–Lorenz equation. [ 15,21 ] Inaba and Fujino [ 18 ] for V i and Shannon and Fischer [ 19 ] models overestimate the electronic polarizability and loses compositional dependence of it.…”