Durable Inequality

Horizontal Inequalities and Ethnonationalist Civil War: A Global Comparison

“…Moreover, the uneven spread of nationalism delayed mass-level political mobilization in many parts of the world, thus creating differences in both economic and political development that were often exploited by alien rulers (Gellner 1964). As argued by Tilly (1999), nationalism can be thought of as a case of “categorical inequality” because it asserts and creates paired and unequal categories, either (a) rival aspirants to nationhood or (b) members of the authentic nation versus others. It involves claims to prior control over a state, hence to the exclusion of others from that priority.…”

“…We therefore restrict our analysis to the post–Cold War period, although we present supplementary results extending back to 1946 in the sensitivity analysis that follows. Because it is well known that relative inequality, as opposed to absolute wealth, is characterized by considerable inertia, these assumptions would seem plausible (Stewart and Langer 2008; Tilly 1999). 15…”

All Bad Things Do Not Go Together: A Comment on Echeverri-Gent

“…The existence of social mobility, or even the perception of its existence, may legitimate situations of intense inequality, an argument that has been made about the United States. Echeverri-Gent's argument, following Tilly (1998), points to an inequality trap, in which yesterday's inequality promotes tomorrow's.…”

Earnings Inequality in 2016 Among Anglos, Latinxs, and Blacks

“…Classes and class fractions are more complicated (Hogan, 2005;Wright, 1997), but we can limit our attention to a few relationships-employment, supervision, and management, and one claim to monopoly power within a domain of professional competence (Abbott, 1988). Also, in keeping with this idea of monopoly, or what Tilly (1998) calls "opportunity hoarding," labor markets, including regions and industrial sectors, will be considered (Beck et al, 1978). Finally, the constraints imposed, particularly on women, by marriage and parenthood ensure that we must include these variables, making for a rather complex but comprehensible model of the most important structural constraints on annual earnings (England et al, 2016).…”

“…We expect to find that Latinas are even more disadvantaged than Black women, given the ways in which their labor has been exploited, at work and at home. Thus, once we establish how gender, race, and ethnic relations differ in producing and reproducing what Tilly (1998) calls "durable inequality," we shall indicate how Latinas suffer the worst of all worlds, as women and as Latinxs, even though they are White.…”