Durable laboratory rubber friction test countersurfaces that replicate the roughness of asphalt pavements

Top topography surface roughness power spectrum for pavement friction evaluation

“…With the recent development of the theories of rubber friction and contact mechanics [1][2][3][4][5][6][7], the complexity of the relation between road surface roughness and rubber friction is now more highlighted than before. Although many experimental works have addressed this connection [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], the multiscale nature of the pavement surface roughness and the partial contact of the tyre rubber with this roughness profile make it difficult to explore meaningful relations between friction and simple roughness indicators.…”

Application of three-dimensional printing to pavement texture effects on rubber friction

“…Exploration of the exact link between roughness and friction is not feasible under actual road conditions. For this reason, laboratory experiments are conducted on either laboratoryconstructed asphalt mixes (Do, Tang, Kane, & de Larrard, 2007;Kuosmanen, Pellinen, Hartikainen, Petry, & Westermann, 2014) or cylindrical core specimens directly extracted from pavements, both of which are laborious and costly processes. An ideal laboratory specimen needs to be initially reproducible with ease, and later it must maintain the same surface roughness characteristics as the road pavements on all the length scales relevant to rubber friction.…”

“…Such a sample *Corresponding author. Email: mona.mahboobkanafi@aalto.fi could, for instance, be of great interest for tyre companies when comparing the friction performance of different rubber samples (Kuosmanen et al, 2014). Kuosmanen et al (2014), with the aforementioned application, constructed a durable laboratory counter-surface that represented a reasonable correlation with the surface roughness and the friction of their target road surface.…”

“…Email: mona.mahboobkanafi@aalto.fi could, for instance, be of great interest for tyre companies when comparing the friction performance of different rubber samples (Kuosmanen et al, 2014). Kuosmanen et al (2014), with the aforementioned application, constructed a durable laboratory counter-surface that represented a reasonable correlation with the surface roughness and the friction of their target road surface. However, the manufacturing procedure adopted was experimentally intensive and the road surface samples that were developed, although being said to be durable, are still prone to polishing during their useful life.…”