Duration effect of obsessive-compulsive disorder on cognitive function: a functional MRI study

Nakao, Tomohiro; Nakagawa, Akiko; Yamada, Takashi; Nakatani, Eriko; Nabeyama, Maiko; Sanematsu, Hirokuni; Togao, Osamu; Yoshioka, Kazuko; Tomita, Masaru; Kuroki, Tetsuo; Kanba, Shigenobu

doi:10.1002/da.20484

Cited by 27 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Furthermore, the patients with cleaning/washing compulsions showed greater activation in the right thalamus and left postcentral gyrus during the N-back task. According to these data, there might be a close relationship between checking rituals and memory-related neuropsychological dysfunction [56,57] .…”

Section: Dysfunctions Of the Prefrontal Cortex: Ventrolateral Prefronmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…During Stroop test performance, OCD patients showed weaker activation than healthy controls both in the anterior cingulate cortex and in the right caudate nucleus [111] in the absence of neuropsychological impairment. In a subgroup of patients with recent-onset OCD, the same group of researchers found caudate nucleus hypoactivity to be related to attention, and right DLPFC hyperactivity to be related to delayed visual recall [56,57] . Higher caudate nucleus activation in OCD patients during conflict processing has been reported in one study [38] .…”

Section: Striatummentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The thalamus and related circuitry may play a role in the expression or intensity of OCD symptoms, whereas right frontal subregions may be involved in symptom suppression [79] . In an fMRI study, patients with recent OCD onset showed weaker activation of the right caudate nucleus than healthy controls during Stroop task performance [57] .…”

Section: Striatummentioning

confidence: 93%

“…On the other hand, several fMRI studies using the Nback task [56] , Stroop and N-back tasks [57] or an off/on exposure paradigm [43] showed greater activation of the DLPFC in OCD patients than in control subjects. It seems that DLPFC activation is greater in recent-onset OCD patients compared with patients with chronic, stabilised disease.…”

Section: Dysfunctions Of the Prefrontal Cortex: Ventrolateral Prefronmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In OCD patients, Nakao et al [56,57] found greater activation in the right DLPFC, left superior temporal gyrus, left insula and cuneus than in control subjects. Furthermore, the patients with cleaning/washing compulsions showed greater activation in the right thalamus and left postcentral gyrus during the N-back task.…”

Section: Dysfunctions Of the Prefrontal Cortex: Ventrolateral Prefronmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional Neuroimaging in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Casale

Kotzalidis²,

Rapinesi³

et al. 2011

Neuropsychobiology

184

111

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Background and Aim: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a severe, highly prevalent and chronically disabling psychiatric disorder that usually emerges during childhood or adolescence. This paper aims to review the literature on functional neuroimaging in OCD, analysing the reported dysfunctional connectivity in the corticostriatothalamocortical circuitry. Method: This study included papers published in peer-reviewed journals dealing with functional imaging in OCD. Results: Striatal dysfunction, mainly of the caudate nucleus, leads to inefficient thalamic gating, resulting in hyperactivity within the orbitofrontal cortex (intrusive thoughts) and the anterior cingulate cortex (non-specific anxiety). Compulsions consist of ritualistic behaviours performed to recruit the inefficient striatum and neutralise unwanted thoughts and anxiety. Functional neuroimaging findings are discussed against the background of specific cognitive impairments, mainly regarding visuospatial processing, executive functioning and motor speed. Cognitive deficits are partial and specific, matching imaging data. Conclusions: Several studies have targeted brain regions hypothesised to be involved in the pathogenesis of OCD, showing the existence of dysfunctional connectivity in the corticostriatothalamocortical circuitry. Improvements in spatial resolution of neuroimaging techniques may contribute to a better understanding of the neurocircuitry of OCD and other anxiety disorders.

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Section: Dysfunctions Of the Prefrontal Cortex: Ventrolateral Prefronmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Striatummentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Striatummentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Dysfunctions Of the Prefrontal Cortex: Ventrolateral Prefronmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Dysfunctions Of the Prefrontal Cortex: Ventrolateral Prefronmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Functional Neuroimaging in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Casale

Kotzalidis²,

Rapinesi³

et al. 2011

Neuropsychobiology

184

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Brain microstructural changes and cognitive correlates in patients with pure obsessive compulsive disorder

et al. 2014

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ObjectThe aim of this study was to investigate macrostructural and microstructural brain changes in patients with pure obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and to examine the relationship between brain structure and neuropsychological deficits.Method20 patients with OCD underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. A combined voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) analysis was used to capture gray matter (GM) and white matter changes in OCD patients as compared to pair-matched healthy volunteers. Multiple regression designs explored the relationship between cognition and neuroimaging parameters.ResultsOCD patients had increased mean diffusivity (MD) in GM nodes of the orbitofronto-striatal loop (left dorsal anterior cingulate [Z = 3.67, P < 0.001] left insula [Z = 3.35 P < 0.001] left thalamus [Z = 3.59, P < 0.001] left parahippocampal gyrus [Z = 3.77 P < 0.001]) and in lateral frontal and posterior associative cortices (right frontal operculum [Z = 3.42 P < 0.001], right temporal lobe [Z = 3.79 P < 0.001] left parietal lobe [Z = 3.91 P < 0.001]). Decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) was detected in intrahemispheric (left superior longitudinal fasciculus [Z = 4.07 P < 0.001]) and interhemispheric (body of corpus callosum [CC, Z = 4.42 P < 0.001]) bundles. Concurrently, the semantic fluency score, a measure of executive control processes, significantly predicted OCD diagnosis (Odds Ratio = 1.37; 95% Confidence Intervals = 1.09–1.73; P = 0.0058), while variation in performance was correlated with increased MD in left temporal (Z = 4.25 P < 0.001) and bilateral parietal regions (left Z = 3.94, right Z = 4.19 P < 0.001), and decreased FA in the right posterior corona radiata (Z = 4.07 P < 0.001) and the left corticospinal tract (Z = 3.95 P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe reported deficit in executive processes and the underlying microstructural alterations may qualify as behavioral and biological markers of OCD.

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Effects of gender and executive function on visuospatial working memory in adult obsessive–compulsive disorder

Martoni

Salgari²,

Galimberti

et al. 2015

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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Visuospatial working memory (VSWM) is the ability of the brain to transiently store and manipulate visual information. VSWM deficiencies have been reported in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), but not consistently, perhaps due to variability in task design and clinical patient factors. To explore this variability, this study assessed effects of the design factors task difficulty and executive organizational strategy and of the clinical factors gender, OCD symptom dimension, and duration of illness on VSWM in OCD. The CANTAB spatial working memory, spatial recognition memory, delayed matching to sample, and stop signal tasks were administered to 42 adult OCD patients and 42 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Aims were to detect a possible VSWM deficit in the OCD sample, to evaluate influences of the above task and patient factors, to determine the specificity of the deficit to the visuospatial subdomain, and to examine effects of sustained attention as potential neurocognitive confound. We confirmed previous findings of a VSWM deficit in OCD that was more severe for greater memory load (task difficulty) and that was affected by task strategy (executive function). We failed to demonstrate significant deficits in neighboring or confounding neurocognitive subdomains (visual object recognition or visual object short-term memory, sustained attention). Notably, the VSWM deficit was only significant for female patients, adding to evidence for sexual dimorphism in OCD. Again as in prior work, more severe OCD symptoms in the symmetry dimension (but no other dimension) significantly negatively impacted VSWM. Duration of illness had no significant effect on VSWM. VSWM deficits in OCD appear more severe with higher task load and may be mediated through poor task strategy. Such deficits may present mainly in female patients and in (male and female) patients with symmetry symptoms.

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Duration effect of obsessive-compulsive disorder on cognitive function: a functional MRI study

Abstract: The results suggested that abnormal brain activation occurs in the early phase of OCD and that the long-term persistence of OCD might involve a decline in cognitive function.

Cited by 27 publications

References 39 publications

Functional Neuroimaging in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Functional Neuroimaging in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Brain microstructural changes and cognitive correlates in patients with pure obsessive compulsive disorder

Effects of gender and executive function on visuospatial working memory in adult obsessive–compulsive disorder

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