Duration of neonatal oxygen supplementation, erythropoiesis and blood pressure in young adults born preterm

Flahault, Adrien; Girard‐Bock, Camille; Fernandes, Rafael Oliveira; Cloutier, Anik; Pastore, Yves D.; Luu, Thuy Mai; Nuyt, Anne‐Monique

doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2019-214307

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Future work should determine uncoupling protein expression and oxidative stress generation in adults born preterm, and may provide further pathophysiologic basis for the increased risk of diseases associated with oxidative stress. Preterm-born adults also had higher hemoglobin levels, which have been described in prior studies despite normal erythropoietin levels ( 29 ). It is possible that higher global mitochondrial oxygen consumption contributes indirectly to the higher hemoglobin levels, though we did not find evidence of direct correlation between PBMC respiration and hemoglobin.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption in adult survivors of preterm birth

2021

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Background: Premature birth affects roughly 10% of live births and is associated with long-term increased risk for multiple comorbidities. Though many comorbidities are associated with increased oxidative stress, the potential late impact of extreme premature birth on mitochondrial function has not previously been assessed. We hypothesized that mitochondrial function would be impaired in adult survivors of premature birth. Methods: Mitochondrial function in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from young adults born moderately to extremely preterm was measured using a Seahorse XF Analyzer at baseline and in response to acute oxidative stress, and compared to age-matched term-born adults. Adult pulmonary function was also obtained. Results: Young adults born preterm (average gestational age 29 weeks) had increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption at baseline, particularly with respect to basal and non-ATP linked respiration. Maximal and spare capacity were also higher, even in response to acute oxidative stress. Lung function was lower in adults born preterm, and the degree of airflow obstruction correlated only modestly with mitochondrial function. Conclusion: In conclusion, adults born preterm have higher basal and non-ATP linked mitochondrial respiration. Similar mitochondrial profiles have previously been documented in diabetics, and may support the increased risk for cardiometabolic disease in adults born preterm.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption in adult survivors of preterm birth

2021

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“…Studies of children and adults born very or extremely preterm have shown that preterm birth is associated with altered nephrogenesis and smaller kidneys, with the reduction in kidney size correlating with higher blood pressure in adults. 53 Studies have also shown higher hemoglobin, 54 evidence of sympathetic nervous autonomic system activation, 55 and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal dysregulation 56 in preterm-born adults, which all potentially contribute to higher blood pressure. A recent study of 101 young adults born on average at 27 weeks’ gestation compared with 105 young adults born at term found no association between preterm birth and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress, as well as no association between high blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk factors (such as glucose intolerance, which is also more prevalent in preterm-born individuals), suggesting a unique mechanism to hypertension and disease development.…”

Section: Late Sequelae and Future Cardiovascular Disease Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the Vulnerable Preterm Heart and Circulation on Adult Cardiovascular Disease Risk

et al. 2020

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Preterm birth accounts for over 15 million global births per year. Perinatal interventions introduced since the early 1980s, such as antenatal glucocorticoids, surfactant, and invasive ventilation strategies, have dramatically improved survival of even the smallest, most vulnerable neonates. As a result, a new generation of preterm-born individuals has now reached early adulthood, and they are at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. To better understand the sequelae of preterm birth, cardiovascular follow-up studies in adolescents and young adults born preterm have focused on characterizing changes in cardiac, vascular, and pulmonary structure and function. Being born preterm associates with a reduced cardiac reserve and smaller left and right ventricular volumes, as well as decreased vascularity, increased vascular stiffness, and higher pressure of both the pulmonary and systemic vasculature. The purpose of this review is to present major epidemiological evidence linking preterm birth with cardiovascular disease; to discuss findings from clinical studies showing a long-term impact of preterm birth on cardiac remodeling, as well as the systemic and pulmonary vascular systems; to discuss differences across gestational ages; and to consider possible driving mechanisms and therapeutic approaches for reducing cardiovascular burden in individuals born preterm.

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“…Infants born very preterm (< 32 weeks of gestation) exhibit alterations in right ventricular (RV) function that persist through infancy and which are aggravated in the presence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a pulmonary complication of very preterm birth. 13 Adults born preterm also exhibit alterations in RV structure and function, [14][15][16] in addition to higher rates of obstructive lung disease 17,18 and pulmonary vascular disease. [19][20][21] Whether the deleterious impact of BPD on RV function persists later in life, however, remains to be determined.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%