Duration of viraemia infectious to Culicoides sonorensis in bluetongue virus-infected cattle and sheep

Bonneau, Kyle; DeMaula, Christopher D.; Mullens, Bradley A.; Maclachlan, Nigel J

doi:10.1016/s0378-1135(02)00106-2

Cited by 152 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Furthermore, detection of BTV RNA up to 145 days after infection is remarkably similar to the lifespan of the ruminant erythrocytes, suggesting that erythrocytes are likely to be the critical mechanism that allows cattle to serve as natural reservoir hosts of BTV [12]. Some other work indicated that BTV RNA can be detected even up to 222 days [9].…”

Section: Cell Tropism Dissemination and Reservoirmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Prior to 1998, occasional short-lived incursions of BTV occurred in southern Europe (Spain, Portugal, Greece and Cyprus [62]). However, since 1998, at least eight distinct BTV strains from six different serotypes (types 1,2,4,8,9,16) have invaded Europe, including many northern European countries (serotype 8) 1 [79,85].…”

Section: Epidemiological Situation From 1900 To 2008mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bluetongue virus: virology, pathogenesis and immunity

et al. 2008

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-Bluetongue (BT) virus, an orbivirus of the Reoviridae family encompassing 24 known serotypes, is transmitted to ruminants via certain species of biting midges (Culicoides spp.) and causes thrombo-hemorrhagic fevers mainly in sheep. During the 20th century, BTV was endemic in sub-tropical regions but in the last ten years, new strains of BTV (serotypes 1, 2, 4, 8, 9, 16) have appeared in Europe leading to a devastating disease in naive sheep and bovine herds (serotype 8). BTV enters into insect cells via the viral inner core VP7 protein and in mammalian cells via the external capsid VP2 haemagglutinin, which is the major determinant of BTV serotype and neutralization. BTV replicates in mononuclear phagocytes and endothelial cells where it induces expression of inflammatory cytokines as well as apoptosis. BTV can remain as nonreplicating entities concealed in erythrocytes for up to five months. Homologous protection against one BTV serotype involves neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses directed to the external VP2 and VP5 proteins, whereas heterologous protection is supported by T cells directed to the NS1 non structural protein and inner core proteins.

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Section: Cell Tropism Dissemination and Reservoirmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Epidemiological Situation From 1900 To 2008mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bluetongue virus: virology, pathogenesis and immunity

et al. 2008

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“…However, detection of viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is possible beyond 100 d.p.i. (Katz et al, 1994;Bonneau et al, 2002). For BT pathogenesis the replication of BTV in endothelial cells represents an important key factor, as it causes virus-mediated injury to small blood vessels leading to vascular thrombosis, tissue infarction and hemorrhages (Pini, 1976;MacLachlan et al, 2009).…”

Section: Transmission Of Btv To Susceptible Hosts Occurs Through Bitementioning

confidence: 99%

Virological and pathological findings in Bluetongue virus serotype 8 infected sheep

Worwa¹,

Hilbe²,

Chaignat³

et al. 2010

Veterinary Microbiology

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Twenty-seven sheep of the four most common Swiss breeds and the English breed Poll Dorset were experimentally infected with a northern European field strain of bluetongue virus serotype 8 (BTV-8). Animals of all breeds eveloped clinical signs, viremia and pathological lesions, demonstrating that BTV-8 is fully capable of replicating and inducing bluetongue disease (BT) in the investigated sheep. Necropsy performed between 10 and 16 days post-infectionem (d.p.i.) revealed BT-typical hemorrhages, effusions, edema, erosions and activation of lymphatic tissues. Hemorrhages on the base of the Arteria pulmonalis and the left Musculus papillaris subauricularis were requently present. Histology confirmed the macroscopical findings. Using a score system, clinical manifestation and pathology were found to be significantly related. Furthermore, clinical signs and fever were shown to be indicative for the concurrent presence of high amounts of viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) in blood. Spleen, lung, lymph nodes and tonsils from all animals were analyzed regarding viral RNA loads and infectivity using real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (rRT-PCR) and virus isolation in cell culture, respectively. The highest amount of viral RNA was detected in spleen and lung and rRT-PCR revealed to be amore sensitive method for virus detection compared to virus isolation. KeywordsBluetongue virus serotype 8, sheep breed, clinicopathological picture, histology, virus detection, score system

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“…This again is an approximation to the reality that although cattle do not show clinical symptoms they are the main amplifying hosts and tend to be long term virus reservoirs (Hourrigan and Klingsporn [17]). Indeed, in experiments, bluetongue virus was isolated from the blood of infected cattle for up to 49 days after infection, yet it was not isolated from infected sheep after as little as 11 days (Bonneau et al [4]). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability and Persistence in a Model for Bluetongue Dynamics

Gourley¹,

Thieme²,

Driessche³

2011

SIAM J. Appl. Math.

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Abstract.A model for the time evolution of bluetongue, a viral disease in sheep and cattle that is spread by midges as vectors, is formulated as a delay differential equation system of six equations. Midges are assumed to have a pre-adult stage of constant duration, and a general incubation period for bluetongue. A linear stability analysis leads to identification of a basic reproduction number that determines if the disease introduced at a low level dies out, or is uniformly weakly persistent in the midges. Stronger conditions sufficient for global stability of the disease free equilibrium are derived. The control reproduction numbers, which guide control strategies for midges, cattle or sheep, are determined in the special case in which the incubation period for midges is exponentially distributed. The possibility of backward bifurcation is briefly discussed as is an equilibrium situation in which the disease wipes out sheep populations that are introduced in small numbers.

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Duration of viraemia infectious to Culicoides sonorensis in bluetongue virus-infected cattle and sheep

Cited by 152 publications

References 25 publications

Bluetongue virus: virology, pathogenesis and immunity

Bluetongue virus: virology, pathogenesis and immunity

Virological and pathological findings in Bluetongue virus serotype 8 infected sheep

Stability and Persistence in a Model for Bluetongue Dynamics

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