Durian waste mediated green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles and evaluation of their antibacterial, antioxidant, cytotoxicity and photocatalytic activity

Veerasamy, Ravichandran; Sumitha, Samuggam; Ning, Cheah Yi; Xian, Ooi Yi; Yu, Ung Kiew; Paliwal, Neeraj; Shah, Syed Adnan Ali; Tripathy, Minaketan

doi:10.1080/17518253.2020.1738562

Cited by 62 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Moreover, the synthesis of ZnO in an acidic medium (pH ˂ 7) hinders the growth and formation of ZnO due to the low amount of hydroxyl ions (OH − ) that contribute to the formation of the intermediate molecule zinc hydroxide (Zn(OH) 2 ), which facilitates the formation of ZnO [ 18 , 19 , 20 ]. The majority of green syntheses of ZnO are still performed in the presence of NaOH or KOH, since alkaline pH is required for successful reduction from zinc salt [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Additionally, cellulose exposed to an alkaline medium creates more adsorption sites for zinc ions [ 6 , 21 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Green In Situ Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles on Cotton Using Pomegranate Peel Extract

et al. 2021

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This work presents the novel and entirely green in situ synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) on cotton fabric. Pomegranate peel extract was used as a reducing agent and wood ash extract was used as an alkali source for the formation of ZnO-NP from zinc acetate. Four different synthesis methods, which varied in drying between immersion of fabric in the active solutions for synthesis and the use of padding and ultrasonication, were investigated to evaluate the most suitable one to achieve excellent ultraviolet (UV) protective properties of the functionalized textile. For comparison, the cotton fabrics were also functionalized with each active solution separately or in a combination of two (i.e., Zn-acetate and plant extract). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) analysis, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) confirm the successful formation of ZnO-NP on cotton. Among the synthesis methods, the method that included continuous drying of the samples between immersion in the active solutions for synthesis (Method 4) was found to be the most suitable to deliver uniformly impregnated cotton fibers with numerous small ZnO wurtzite structured crystals and excellent UV protection, with a UV protection factor of 154.0. This research presents an example of a green circular economy where a bio-waste material can be used to produce ZnO-NP directly on cotton at low temperatures and short treatment times without the addition of chemicals and enables the production of cellulosic fabrics with excellent UV protection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Green In Situ Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles on Cotton Using Pomegranate Peel Extract

et al. 2021

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“…Owing to their superior physicochemical and biological properties over the bulk materials, nanomaterials have significant potential in different fields of science [ 5 ]. The size of nanoparticles (NPs) (1–100 nm) offers a higher surface-to-volume ratio, which results in high surface reactivity [ 6 , 7 ]. This distinct property makes NPs extensively useful in many fields (e.g., catalysis, gas sensing, electronics and environmental remediation) and promotes their integration into various commercial products, biotechnology and biomedical applications [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greener Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Characterization and Multifaceted Applications

et al. 2020

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Nanoparticles (NPs) have unique properties compared to their bulk counterparts, and they have potentials for various applications in many fields of life science. Green-synthesized NPs have garnered considerable interest due to their inherent features such as rapidity, eco-friendliness and cost-effectiveness. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized using an aqueous extract of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana as a reducing agent. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), UV-Vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The antimicrobial potential of the synthesized ZnO NPs against bacterial and fungal strains was examined by the disk diffusion method, and they showed a promising antibacterial and antifungal potential. The catalytic activity of the synthesized ZnO NPs in reducing methylene blue (MB) and eosin was studied via UV-Vis spectroscopy. The decolorization percentages of the MB and Eosin Y dyes were 84% and 94%, respectively, which indicate an efficient degradation of the ZnO NPs. In addition, the cytotoxic activity of the ZnO NPs on the HeLa cell line was evaluated via in vitro assay. The MTT assay results demonstrate a potent cytotoxic effect of the ZnO NPs against the HeLa cancer cell line.

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“…There are several hypotheses about the mechanism of ZnO synthesis. Generally, the reduction from zinc salt to ZnO takes place under alkaline conditions, for which NaOH or KOH are most commonly used [10][11][12]. The hydroxyl ions (OH -) contribute to the formation of the intermediate molecule zinc hydroxide (Zn(OH) 2 ), and with increasing the temperature, ZnO particles are formed via dehydration [9,11,[13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Protocol Design for Suitable Green In Situ Synthesis of ZnO on Cotton Using Aqueous Extract of Japanese Knotweed Leaves as Reducing Agent

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et al. 2022

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This work presents two protocols for the green in situ synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) on cotton with the aim to develop sustainable cotton fabric with an ultraviolet protection factor (UPF). The protocols differed in the order of immersing cotton fabric in reactive solutions of three batches, i.e., precursor (0.1 M zinc acetate dihydrate), reducing agent (aqueous extract of Japanese knotweed leaves) and alkali (wood ash waste). The scanning electron microscope (SEM) results showed that ZnO-NP were successfully synthesised on cotton using both protocols; however, only the protocol where cotton was first immersed in alkali, then in the precursor and, lastly, in the reducing agent enabled very high UPF and higher amount of Zn present on the sample. Due to the different order of cotton fabric immersion in the reactive solutions, dissimilar morphology of the ZnO particles was observed, which resulted in different UV blocking abilities of the samples. The antioxidant analysis (DPPH) showed that the natural reducing agent prepared from Japanese knotweed leaves has very high antioxidant activity, which is attributed to phenolic compounds present in the plant. The reflectance spectroscopy results confirmed that the colour yield and colour of the samples did not influence the UPF value. This protocol is an example of green circular economy where waste materials of invasive alien plant species and pellet heating was used as a natural source of phytochemicals, for the direct synthesis of ZnO-NP to develop cotton fabric with UV-protective properties.

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Durian waste mediated green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles and evaluation of their antibacterial, antioxidant, cytotoxicity and photocatalytic activity

Cited by 62 publications

References 51 publications

Novel Green In Situ Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles on Cotton Using Pomegranate Peel Extract

Novel Green In Situ Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles on Cotton Using Pomegranate Peel Extract

Greener Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Characterization and Multifaceted Applications

Importance of Protocol Design for Suitable Green In Situ Synthesis of ZnO on Cotton Using Aqueous Extract of Japanese Knotweed Leaves as Reducing Agent

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