“…Moreover, this study indicates that pupils' perceptions of arbitrary rules, unfair rules and rule applications, rule-and teacher inconsistencies, and bad or poor rule explanations from teachers, appear to lead to criticism and negative attitudes from pupils (a trust-reducing effect), as seen in other studies (e.g., Alerby, 2003;Devine, 2002;Elliott, Witt, Galvin, & Moe, 1986;Lewis & Lovegrove, 1987;Scarlett, 1988;Tattum, 1982;Thomson & Holland, 2002;Williams, 1993). For example, according to a study by Williams (1993), students consider some of their teachers to be insincere and inconsistent, because they do not follow the rules and standards themselves.…”