Dust masses for a large sample of core-collapse supernovae from optical emission line asymmetries: dust formation on 30-year time-scales

Niculescu-Duvaz, Maria; Barlow, M. J.; Bevan, Antonia; Wesson, R.; Milisavljević, D.; Clayton, Geoffrey C.; Krafton, Kelsie; Matsuura, M.; Brady, Ryan P.

doi:10.1093/mnras/stac1626

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…6 × 10 −4 M . The large grain radius that we determine for SN 2012aw lends extra weight to the findings of Niculescu-Duvaz et al ( 2022 ) that dust grains in most CCSNe have a grain radius of > 0.1 μm, which is also in agreement with other studies constraining dust grain sizes (e.g. Gall et al 2014 ;Owen & Barlo w 2015 ;Wesson et al 2015 ;Be v an et al 2017 ;Priestley et al 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussion a N D C O N C L U S I O N Ssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Our approach to modelling the line profiles is described for SN 1987A by Be v an & Barlow ( 2016 ), and for a range of CCSNe by Niculescu-Duvaz et al ( 2022 ). The parameter space was first examined manually using a GUI, which is described in Section 5 , to find the best-fitting model.…”

Section: E T H O D O L O G Ymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DAMOCLES has since been applied to other objects such as SN 1980K, SN 1993J, Cas A (Be v an, Barlo w & Milisavlje vic 2017), and SN 2005ip (Be v an et al 2019, with all these objects being found to have dust masses > 0.1 M . Niculescu-Duvaz et al ( 2022 ) used DAMOCLES to model the multi-epoch optical spectra of 13 CCSNe aged between 5 and 60 yr, compiling the most comprehensive set of very late epoch CCSN ejecta dust measurements made to date. They confirmed that, on average, the dust mass growth could be fitted by a sigmoid curve, saturating on a time-scale of ∼30 yr at a value of 0.42 + 0 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Quantifying the dust in SN 2012aw and iPTF14hls with ORBYTS

Niculescu-Duvaz

Barlow

Dunn

et al. 2022

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) are capable of producing large quantities of dust, with strong evidence that ejecta dust masses can grow significantly over extended periods of time. Red-blue asymmetries in the broad emission lines of CCSNe can be modelled using the Monte Carlo radiative transfer code damocles, to determine ejecta dust masses. To facilitate easier use of damocles, we present a Tkinter graphical user interface (GUI) running damocles. The GUI was tested by high school students through the Original Research By Young Twinkle Students (ORBYTS) programme, who used it to measure the dust masses formed at two epochs in Type IIP CCSNe SN 2012aw and iPTF14hls, demonstrating that a wide range of people can contribute to scientific advancement. Bayesian methods quantified uncertainties on our model parameters. From the red scattering wing in the day 1863 Hα profile of SN 2012aw, we constrained the dust composition to large (radius >0.1 μm) silicate grains, with a dust mass of $6.0^{+21.9}_{-3.6}\times 10^{-4}~M_\odot$. From the day 1158 Hα profile of SN 2012aw, we found a dust mass of $3.0^{+14}_{-2.5}\times 10^{-4}$ M⊙. For iPTF14hls, we found a day 1170 dust mass of 8.1 $^{+81}_{-7.6}\times 10^{-5}$ M⊙ for a dust composition consisting of 50 per cent amorphous carbon and 50 per cent astronomical silicate. At 1000 days post explosion, SN 2012aw and iPTF14hls have formed less dust than the peculiar Type II SN 1987A, suggesting that SN 1987A may have formed a larger dust mass than typical Type IIP’s.

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Section: Discussion a N D C O N C L U S I O N Ssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: E T H O D O L O G Ymentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantifying the dust in SN 2012aw and iPTF14hls with ORBYTS

Niculescu-Duvaz

Barlow

Dunn

et al. 2022

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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“…. This is consistent with most of the distribution of SN II dust masses from Szalai et al (2019, see Figure 6) and Niculescu-Duvaz et al 2022, although almost all of their observations are at later phases than ours. Notably, our limit is higher than the dust masses in any of the four SNe IIb observed by Szalai et al (2019).…”

Section: Dust Modelingsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…With progenitor lifetimes of only tens of Myr, dust condensation in the expanding ejecta of corecollapse supernovae (SNe) has been proposed as the major source of dust in these early galaxies (see Gall et al 2011b for a review). This would require the production of up to 1 M e of dust per SN, with ejecta models predicting it would condense during the first 1-2 yr after explosion (e.g., Dwek et al 2007Dwek et al , 2019, but see Wesson &Bevan 2021 andNiculescu-Duvaz et al 2022 for alternate discussions). However, nebular observations of SNe in the local universe have for the most part not directly confirmed these large dust masses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

JWST Imaging of the Cartwheel Galaxy Reveals Dust Associated with SN 2021afdx

Hosseinzadeh

Sand

Jencson

et al. 2023

ApJL

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We present near- and mid-infrared (0.9–18 μm) photometry of supernova (SN) 2021afdx, which was imaged serendipitously with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) as part of its Early Release Observations of the Cartwheel Galaxy. Our ground-based optical observations show it is likely to be a Type IIb SN, the explosion of a yellow supergiant, and its infrared spectral energy distribution (SED) ≈200 days after explosion shows two distinct components, which we attribute to hot ejecta and warm dust. By fitting models of dust emission to the SED, we derive a dust mass of ( 3.8 − 0.3 + 0.5 ) × 10 − 3 M ⊙ , which is the highest yet observed in a Type IIb SN but consistent with other Type II SNe observed by the Spitzer Space Telescope. We also find that the radius of the dust is significantly larger than the radius of the ejecta, as derived from spectroscopic velocities during the photospheric phase, which implies that we are seeing an infrared echo off of preexisting dust in the progenitor environment, rather than dust newly formed by the SN. Our results show the power of JWST to address questions of dust formation in SNe, and therefore the presence of dust in the early universe, with much larger samples than have been previously possible.

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The formation and cosmic evolution of dust in the early Universe: I. Dust sources

Schneider,

Maiolino

2024

Astron Astrophys Rev

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Dust-obscured star formation has dominated the cosmic history of star formation, since $$z \simeq 4$$ z ≃ 4 . However, the recent finding of significant amount of dust in galaxies out to $$z \simeq 8$$ z ≃ 8 has opened the new frontier of investigating the origin of dust also in the earliest phases of galaxy formation, within the first 1.5 billion years from the Big Bang. This is a key and rapid transition phase for the evolution of dust, as galaxy evolutionary timescales become comparable with the formation timescales of dust. It is also an area of research that is experiencing an impressive growth, especially thanks to the recent results from cutting edge observing facilities, ground-based, and in space. Our aim is to provide an overview of the several findings on dust formation and evolution at $$z > 4$$ z > 4 , and of the theoretical efforts to explain the observational results. We have organized the review in two parts. In the first part, presented here, we focus on dust sources, primarily supernovae and asymptotic giant branch stars, and the subsequent reprocessing of dust in the interstellar medium, through grain destruction and growth. We also discuss other dust production mechanisms, such as Red Super Giants, Wolf–Rayet stars, Classical Novae, Type Ia Supernovae, and dust formation in quasar winds. The focus of this first part is on theoretical models of dust production sources, although we also discuss the comparison with observations in the nearby Universe, which are key to put constraints on individual sources and processes. While the description has a general applicability at any redshift, we emphasize the relative role of different sources in the dust build-up in the early Universe. In the second part, which will be published later on, we will focus on the recent observational results at $$z > 4$$ z > 4 , discussing the theoretical models that have been proposed to interpret those results, as well as the profound implications for galaxy formation.

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Dust masses for a large sample of core-collapse supernovae from optical emission line asymmetries: dust formation on 30-year time-scales

Cited by 21 publications

References 118 publications

Quantifying the dust in SN 2012aw and iPTF14hls with ORBYTS

Quantifying the dust in SN 2012aw and iPTF14hls with ORBYTS

JWST Imaging of the Cartwheel Galaxy Reveals Dust Associated with SN 2021afdx

The formation and cosmic evolution of dust in the early Universe: I. Dust sources

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