OBJECTIVE: To quantify neointimal hyperplasia in iliac arteries after stent implantation, correlating clinical, arterial factors and stent material. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the period from June/2003 to August/ 2005, 60 patients were submitted to percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting. Among these patients, 30 were followed-up with intravascular ultrasonography. Data were analyzed in a laboratory of quantitative analysis by means of a specific software. RESULTS: Sixteen (53.3%) patients were men, and 14 (46.7%), women, and the mean age was 60.3 years. Arterial hypertension was observed in 22 patients (73.3%), smoking in 18 (62.1%), hyperlipidemia in 20 (66.7%), and diabetes in 9 (30%). A total of 20 nitinol stents (66.7%) and 10 stainless steel stents (33.3%) were implanted. Four patients were classified as TASC A (13.3%), 15 TASC B (50%) and 11 TASC C (36.7% ). The rate of intrastent obstruction ranged from 18% to 47% (mean, 27.4%). The clinical outcomes achieved with stenting were sustained through the follow-up. CONCLUSION: Neointimal hyperplasia is a common finding after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting, but in the present study the stenosis rate was never higher than 50%. There was no statistically significant difference in intrastent stenosis rates in relation to stents materials, clinical and arterial risk factors. Keywords: Stent; Iliac artery; Interventional ultrasonography; Hyperplasia.OBJETIVO: Quantificar a hiperplasia neointimal em artérias ilíacas após stent, correlacionando fatores clíni-cos, arteriais e materiais dos stents. ). O percentual de obstrução intra-stent variou de 18% a 47% (média de 27,4%). Os resultados clínicos obtidos com stent se mantiveram até o reestudo. CONCLUSÃO: A hiperplasia neointimal sempre ocorre após a angioplastia transluminal percutânea e stent, porém os percentuais de obstrução não foram superiores a 50% em nenhum caso. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante dos percentuais de obstrução intra-stent quanto aos materiais dos stents, aos fatores clínicos e aos fatores arteriais. Unitermos: Stent; Artéria ilíaca; Ultrassonografia de intervenção; Hiperplasia. Intra-stent restenosis caused by neointimal hyperplasia has its occurrence peak around the sixth postoperative month (Figure 1), and it has been described in other locations such as the coronary arteries although such occurrence has not been reported with the same frequency as in the case of iliac arteries.In the present study, intravascular ultrasonography (IVUS) was performed to quantify the volume of neointimal hyperMoreira SM, Kambara AM, Ajzen S, Costa Junior JR. Volumetric assessment of neointimal hyperplasia in iliac arteries after metal stent implantation. Radiol Bras. 2009;42(4):231-234.