“…We look at a larger sample of cities in Table 7 Table 7, we look at a larger set of cities between four dates 1300, 1500, 1700 and 1800. The sample is larger than the one used in Tables 5 and 6 (1978) and world-system theorists such as Wallerstein (1974)(1975)(1976)(1977)(1978)(1979)(1980) Farnell, 1964, Cooper, 1972, and Guaci, 2001 (1998,2001,2002 Carruthers, 1996 and its artillery, methods of transportation, and training were transformed" (see also Israel, 1989, Chapter 3). By 1629, the Dutch were able to field an army of 77,000 men, :;_' 50% larger than the Spanish army of Flanders (Israel, 1995, p. 507 We follow the Polity IV coding handbook in using the following criteria for coding "constraint on the executive" (Marshall and Jaggers, 2000 (Davis, 1973b, p. 41).…”