The case of
Tarasoff v. California Board of Regents
(1976) shocked the mental health community by imposing civil liability (i.e., damages and financial compensation) for a psychotherapist's failure to warn an individual of the risk posed by his patient. As a consequence of
Tarasoff
, many jurisdictions now require mental health professionals to take action if they determine that their patient presents a risk of danger to another person. This requirement has been operationalized in some jurisdictions as a “duty to warn” their patient's potential victim, whereas other jurisdictions have imposed a “duty to protect,” which requires the mental health professional take steps to protect the potential victim(s). Protecting the potential victim might involve warning him or her directly, alerting the authorities, or taking other actions to prevent the harm from occurring (e.g., initiating psychiatric hospitalization). The manner in which courts have applied these legal concepts has varied depending on the specific details of the case and the jurisdiction.