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Abstract

The review provides evidence that water of any degree of purification is a microdispersed system. The dispersed phase (DP) of liquid water is represented by hydrophilic particles (mainly NaCl microcrystals) covered with a liquid crystalline hydration shell. The size of DP particles, visible through an optical microscope, is a few microns. DP is prone to aggregation and forms large associates (tens to hundreds of microns in diameter) floating in continual bulk water. Water activation by any kind of physical impact is accompanied by the disaggregation of associates and an increase in the total area of the interphase surface. This naturally changes a number of physicochemical parameters of the system (pH, Redox Potential, viscosity, electrical conductivity). The effect was described many times in the literature, but had no scientific explanation within the framework of the classical theory of water structurization at the molecular level. From this point of view, the method of manual stirring of different hydrophilic surfaces with water is also considered. Based on the portrait similarity of the physicochemical properties of structured near-wall water with polywater described by Lippincott et al in 1969, the authors believe that under room conditions there are only two phases of water -continuous and polywater. Highlights:1. Water is a microdispersed system at any degree of purification.2. The microdispersed phase is represented by hydrophilic particles (mainly NaCl microcrystals) covered with a liquid crystalline hydration shell.3. Aggregation -disaggregation of the dispersed phase is accompanied by a change in the area of the interphase surface. This entails a change in the physicochemical state of the system.4. Under room conditions, there are two phases of water -ordinary continuous water and structured polywater near hydrophilic surfaces.

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“…4). The cells limited the DP aggregates growing inside them, according to our previous studies (Yakhno and Yakhno, 2019a;Yakhno and Yakhno, 2019b;Yakhno and Yakhno, 2022), sodium chloride crystals (Fig. 5).…”

“…As can be seen in the photographs, the deposits on the glass slide (Fig. 1b) after its contact with distilled water are an even layer of densely packed rounded structures with a dark dot in the center, which we previously called the dispersed phase of water (DP) (Yakhno and Yakhno, 2019a;Yakhno and Yakhno, 2019b;Yakhno and Yakhno, 2022). We believe that the DP unit is formed by a hydrophilic microparticle (NaCl micro-crystal) covered with a thick layer of hydrate liquid crystal water (EZ).…”

“…It is assumed that the interaction of such microparticles with each other and with near-wall water is carried out according to the "Like likes like" mechanism (Ise, 2010), i.e., through ions of the opposite sign (+) accumulating near EZ, which carries a negative charge (Pollack, 2013). Previously, we showed that real water in the real world always contains microimpurities, which are its integral part Yakhno and Yakhno, 2021). In this work, we intend to follow the fate of microimpurities during the formation of a deposit on the glass surface and their transformations during the evaporation of free water.…”