Dy-modified barium calcium titanate sintered in a reducing atmosphere: Crystal structure, microstructure, and electrical characteristics

High DC-Bias Stability and Reliability in BaTiO3-Based Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors: The Role of the Core–Shell Structure and the Electrode

“…BaTiO 3 -based ceramics are crucial materials for high-end MLCCs. , In order to obtain dielectric constant temperature stability and reliability of dielectric materials, pure BaTiO 3 is frequently doped with multiple elements to form a core–shell microstructure. − The core of the grain is a ferroelectric phase composed of pure BaTiO 3 , while the shell is a nonferroelectric phase with a high concentration of dopants. Especially, since the ionic radius of some rare-earth elements (e.g., Dy, Ho, and Y) is between Ba 2+ and Ti 4+ , they can simultaneously occupy A and B sites to form defect association, which could inhibit the migration of oxygen vacancy, thus improving the dielectric properties and reliability. − Wang et al studied the core–shell structure and defect control in Dy–Ho codoped BaTiO 3 ceramics and illustrated the effect of the rare-earth additive ratio and concentration on the dielectric constant and failure time. , Freeman et al.…”