Dyadic concordance in mother and preschooler resting cardiovascular function varies by risk status

Creaven, Ann‐Marie; Skowron, Elizabeth A.; Hughes, Brian M.; Howard, Siobhán; Loken, Eric

doi:10.1002/dev.21098

Cited by 65 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Feldman and colleagues (2011) found a time-lagged heart rhythm concordance between low-risk mothers and their 4-month-old infants. Likewise, we have observed significant concordance in mother and preschooler contemporaneously measured resting HR and RSA, such that greater maternal HR was associated with greater child HR and lower child RSA (Creaven, Skowron, Hughes, Howard, & Loken, 2014). In a prospective study of 76 mother–infant dyads, Bornstein and Suess (2000) found no associations between mothers and children at 2 months or at 5 years in either resting HR or RSA, although RSA withdrawal in response to challenge showed positive between-dyad associations by age 5.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Attachment status and mother–preschooler parasympathetic response to the strange situation procedure

Smith

Woodhouse

Clark

et al. 2016

Biological Psychology

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Background Early attachment relationships are important for children’s development of behavioral and physiological regulation strategies. Parasympathetic nervous system activity, indexed by respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), is a key indicator of self-regulation, with links to numerous developmental outcomes. Attachment-related changes in and associations between mother and child RSA during the Strange Situation procedure (SSP) can elucidate individual differences in physiological response to stress that are important for understanding the development of and intervention for psychopathology. Methods A sample of 142 at-risk mothers and preschool-age children participated in the SSP and provided time-synchronized RSA data during the 7 episodes, which included 2 separations and 2 reunions. Attachment classifications were obtained using the Cassidy and Marvin (1992) coding system. Linear mixed-effects models were constructed to examine attachment-related change in RSA during the SSP and the concordance between mother and child RSA over time. Results Findings demonstrated attachment-related differences in children’s RSA. Secure children’s RSA was relatively stable over time, whereas insecure–avoidant children showed RSA increases during the first separation and insecure–resistant children’s RSA declined across the SSP. Mothers showed RSA withdrawal during separation regardless of child’s attachment classification. Mother–child RSA showed a positive concordance that was strongest in the insecure–resistant group, compared with the other groups. Conclusions Results support attachment theories concerning parasympathetic response to stress and the role of the mother–child relationship in physiological regulation. Our findings advance previous research by focusing on at-risk mother–preschooler dyads within diverse attachment classifications.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Attachment status and mother–preschooler parasympathetic response to the strange situation procedure

Smith

Woodhouse

Clark

et al. 2016

Biological Psychology

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“…In addition, when parents are less able to regulate their own physiological responses, synchronous coregulation patterns that support successful child selfregulation may become weaker, or possibly divergent. For example, mothers who exhibited elevated heart rates showed less physiological synchrony with their children (Creaven et al, 2014), whereas mothers who showed RSA withdrawal during a stressful interaction displayed greater behavioral synchrony with children (Giuliano, Skowron, & Berkman, 2015). Such results suggest that individual parent factors, such as physiological responding and behavioral engagement, are important in promoting synchrony in parent-child coregulation.…”

Section: Parent-child Coregulationmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Parents who have had a history of maltreatment of their children, including physical or emotional abuse and neglect, also demonstrate coregulatory patterns with their children that are divergent, or tend to move away from one another over time (Creaven, Skowron, Hughes, Howard, & Loken, 2014). In addition, when parents are less able to regulate their own physiological responses, synchronous coregulation patterns that support successful child selfregulation may become weaker, or possibly divergent.…”

Section: Parent-child Coregulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of maternal respiratory sinus arrhythmia and behavioral engagement on mother‐child physiological coregulation

Skoranski

Lunkenheimer

Lucas‐Thompson

2017

Developmental Psychobiology

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THE EFFECTS OF MATERNAL RESPIRATORY SINUS ARRHYTHMIA AND BEHAVIORAL ENGAGEMENT ON MOTHER-CHILD PHYSIOLOGICAL COREGULATIONParent-child coregulation, observed as the active organization and coordination of parents' and children's behavioral and physiological states, is an important precursor for children's developing self-regulation, but we know little about how individual parent factors shape parent-child coregulation. We examined whether differences in maternal physiology and behavioral engagement were associated with coregulation of mothers' and their 3-year-old children's physiological states over time. We examined coregulation in real time by modeling maternal and child respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) for 47 families across 18 minutes of dyadic interaction using multilevel coupled autoregressive models fitted in Mplus. Maternal basal RSA, maternal teaching, and maternal behavioral disengagement were each entered as between-subjects predictors to determine the extent to which mother-child coregulation was strengthened or weakened by maternal factors. Whereas greater maternal teaching during the mother-child interaction was associated with stronger coregulation in mother and child RSA over time, maternal disengagement was related to weaker coregulation: specifically, there were moredivergent parent and child RSA at higher levels of maternal disengagement. Coregulation in mother-child RSA was also weakened when mothers' basal RSA was higher. Findings contribute to the emerging knowledge base on real-time patterns of parent-child coregulation and iii suggest a role for parent-child physiological coregulation as a mechanism by which parent factors support or hinder children's developing self-regulation.

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“…Research into relational trauma undertaken by Elizabeth Skowron and colleagues at the University of Oregon has clearly demonstrated that levels of DoS are indicative of child abuse risk, impaired rupture and repair processes, reduced positive autonomy support, and resiliency in children who experience family violence and physiological indicators of impulse control such as respiratory sinus arrhythmia which is a marker of increased risk of harm by a caregiver to a child (Cipriano, Skowron, & GatzkeKopp, 2011;Creaven et al, 2014;Lunkenheimer, Ram, Skowron, & Yin, 2017;Skowron & Dendy, 2004;Skowron, Kozlowski, & Pincus, 2010;Skowron & Platt, 2005).…”

Section: Enhancing Therapist Resiliencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiation of Self: Enhancing Therapist Resilience When Working with Relational Trauma

MacKay

2017

ANZ J of Family Therapy

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Clinicians are charged with being diligent in gaining competency in the latest trauma-informed interventions when working with relational trauma. This may invest therapists with an overresponsibility that is not only overwhelming and unrealistic, but serves to reduce autonomous functioning in family members. Therefore, clinicians need to become clear about what they are responsible for and what they are not, particularly when family members present as irresponsible or too anxious to think and act more effectively. Using a case vignette, this paper discusses how a clinician's focus on increasing their differentiation of self, a concept embeded in Bowen family systems theory, protects against vicarious traumatisation, secondary traumatic stress, and burnout whilst contributing to more autonomous functioning and better wellbeing outcomes for both clinicians and clients alike.Keywords: vicarious trauma, secondary traumatic stress, burnout, Bowen family systems theory, self-care, resilience, autonomy Key Points1 The trauma milieu demands increasing therapist commitment to ongoing and extensive training in a multiplicity of trauma-informed interventions. 2 The intensity of this work may leave clinicians vulnerable to vicarious traumatisation (VT), secondary traumatic stress (STS), and burnout. 3 A focus on enhancing the clinician's differentiation of self, based on Bowen family systems theory (BFST) principles, is imperative when managing issues of risk and safety. 4 BFST functions to protect against VT, STS, and burnout by assisting to reduce the heightened reactivity that is evoked when working with the most vulnerable and challenged families. 5 This focus enhances resiliency and contributes to more autonomous functioning and better wellbeing outcomes for both clinicians and clients. Introduction: The Challenges of Relational Trauma WorkInformed by researchers such as Bryant et al. (2010), most clinicians working with trauma are aware that not all clients who have experienced prolonged exposure to overwhelming events develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as diagnosed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5). Nevertheless, many clients, particularly children and adolescents who have experienced relational disruption and abuse, present to therapy with 'a wide range of affective, anxiety, and behavioural symptoms ' (Bryant et al., 2010; Levin, Kleinman, & Adler, 2014, p. 150) (Porges, 2011;Siegel, 2012). They devote time and energy to gain competency in the latest evidenced-based trauma-informed interventions, which can include mindfulness, neurofeedback, eye movement desensitisation reprocessing (EMDR; Shapiro, 2001), tapping, and other exposure techniques designed to reduce symptomatology. Co-morbidity across mental health diagnoses for traumatised children and adults will also require practitioners to be able to assess and work with multiple mental health presentations, ranging from depression and anxiety to diagnosable personality disorders. In addition, clinician...

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Dyadic concordance in mother and preschooler resting cardiovascular function varies by risk status

Cited by 65 publications

References 41 publications

Attachment status and mother–preschooler parasympathetic response to the strange situation procedure

Attachment status and mother–preschooler parasympathetic response to the strange situation procedure

The effects of maternal respiratory sinus arrhythmia and behavioral engagement on mother‐child physiological coregulation

Differentiation of Self: Enhancing Therapist Resilience When Working with Relational Trauma

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