Dyads, Triads, and the Theory of Exchange: Between Liberty and Coercion

Podemska-Mikluch, Marta; Wagner, Richard E.

doi:10.2139/ssrn.2034305

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This model is different to simple dyadic (two‐party) relations and supply chain relations (strings of dyadic relations). This is a triadic relation, established ‘to change the pattern created through dyadic exchanges’ (Podemska‐Mikluch & Wagner, 2013, p. 182). The economics literature differentiates between two forms of triadic relations: ‘triadic‐by‐assertion’, where a third party inserts themselves into a dyadic relation for its own benefit; and ‘triadic‐by‐invitation’, where a party is invited into a dyadic relationship by one or more parties to help facilitate the relationship (Podemska‐Mikluch & Wagner, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How an intermediary model manages the tension between low contractibility and probity when outsourcing human services

Bates

2022

Aust J Public Adm

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Human services, such as social supports and health care, have low contractibility; services are difficult to specify and measure, and difficult to manage when delivered by a third party. Services can and do fail, resulting in the inefficient use of public resources and potential harm to clients. This article develops a conceptual framing using transaction cost economics (TCE) theory to understand why human services are difficult to contract, and management control theory to understand how services might be managed. This identifies a potential tension between how low contractible services are managed when probity requirements are high. This is explored using a qualitative case study of an intermediary model of outsourcing, focusing on one of 31 Primary Health Networks tasked to commission primary health care under contract to the Australian Government. This study explains how design choices, making use of controls available in different organisational contexts across the intermediary model, overcame the tension between low contractibility and probity. This study adds to our understanding of the TCE characteristic of probity. A greater understanding of why this intermediary modelThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How an intermediary model manages the tension between low contractibility and probity when outsourcing human services

Bates

2022

Aust J Public Adm

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“…When exit is costly, political exchanges still operate because the world of democratic political economy is constructed through transactions. With costly exit, however, those transactions take on triadic character (Podemska-Mikluch and Wagner 2013). With triadic exchanges, there are both winners and losers in any transaction.…”

Section: Voice Exit and The Control Of Factionmentioning

confidence: 99%

American Democracy and the Problem of Fiscal Deficits

Wagner

2018

SSRN Journal

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“…For political transactions, however, the magic number is three. In other words, market transactions are fundamentally dyadic but political transactions fundamentally are triadic, with gainers imposing cost on losers (Podemska-Mikluch and Wagner 2013).…”

Section: Exploring Some Boundary Tectonicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At base, entangled political economy is centered on networks and evolutionary processes of development, where that development is kept in motion by individual efforts to seek gain by putting together deals that often are triadic (Eusepi and Wagner 2011;Podemska-Mikluch and Wagner 2013), meaning that they often feature a winning subset of people gaining at the expense of others in society. 1 While the mixed economy orientation also features evolution, that evolution is more akin to majority cycling than to the continual injection of novelty into society.…”

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confidence: 99%

From mixed economy to entangled political economy: a Paretian social-theoretic orientation

Patrick,

Wagner

2015

Public Choice

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This paper compares and contrasts two visions of political economy. These visions aren't antagonistic, just different. The mixed economy vision associated with Ludwig von Mises and Sanford Ikeda treats politics as intervening into markets. The entangled political economy vision treats politics and markets as overlapping subsystems within a society. Entangled political economy thus descends from a theory of society and social processes. Similarly to quantum entanglement where the state of a particle cannot be described independently of that of other particles, entanglement in political economy means that rational market action cannot be defined independently of rational political action. The focal point of entangled political economy, moreover, is on individual actors and their search for gain within different action environments. Interaction among individuals across those environments generates societal tectonics, thereby adding insights from Vilfredo Pareto about social theory to those of Mises and Ikeda about interventionism.

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Dyads, Triads, and the Theory of Exchange: Between Liberty and Coercion

Cited by 9 publications

References 19 publications

How an intermediary model manages the tension between low contractibility and probity when outsourcing human services

How an intermediary model manages the tension between low contractibility and probity when outsourcing human services

American Democracy and the Problem of Fiscal Deficits

From mixed economy to entangled political economy: a Paretian social-theoretic orientation

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