Dye-salt separations by nanofiltration using weak acid polyelectrolyte membranes

Effect of operating conditions on separation performance of reactive dye solution with membrane process

“…Xu and Spencer [11] studied the separation of a dye, Cibacron blue, from a salt, NaNO 3 , with a common counter ion by dynamically forming weak acid polyelectrolyte nanofiltration membranes. They focused on dilute salt solutions containing trace of dye's concentration.…”

Review of Dynamic Membranes

“…The separation of dye and salt from an aqueous solution was also modeled by Xu and Spencer (1997b). They employed the models developed for nanofiltration by Perry and Under (1989) and Schrig and Widmer (1992) which were originally based on the work of Spiegler and Kedem (1966).…”

“…The concentration at the membrane interface is described using fitting parameters (Xu and Spencer 1997b) given by:…”

“…Combining Equations 19 and 21 the separation factor for a nanoftltration membrane can be expressed as (Xu and Spencer 1997b):…”

Efficient removal of acid dye from aqueous solutions via adsorption using low-cost blast-furnace slag

“…Moreover, many other physiochemical methods have been used for the removal of dyes, such as electrochemical treatment [6], advanced oxidation technology [7], and membrane filtration [8]. However, these methods are not efficient or economic [6][7][8]. Recently, adsorption techniques have attracted interest because of simple operation, cost-effectiveness, readily available adsorbents, and removal efficiency [4,9].…”