Dyeing and Antibacterial Properties of Chemically Recycled PET Thermal-Bonded Nonwovens Dyed with Terminalia chebula Dye

Abstract

Waste recycling is a necessary step for environmental conservation. To this end, polyester can be easily collected and recycled into end products. To promote the use of recycled polyester, it is important to expand its range of applications. We earlier reported the fabrication of recycled polyester thermal-bonded nonwovens. In this study, recycled nonwoven fabrics were dyed with Terminalia chebula dye without the use of additional mordants. To optimize the dyeing conditions, the dyeing time, dyeing temperature, and liquor concentration were varied, and the color strength, color changes, fastness properties, thermal stability, and morphology were evaluated. Further, the antibacterial activity of the dyed nonwoven was also estimated. T. chebula dyed the colored recycled rapid melting PET fiber (R-RM) nonwoven brown via the dyeing process, and the dyeablity was improved by increasing the dyeing temperature, time, and liquor concentration. The rubbing and sweat fastness properties were found to be excellent. T. chebula dye imparted efficient antibacterial properties to the R-RM nonwovens against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia. The results obtained in this study are expected to broaden the range of natural dyed recycled polyester fabric applications.

A recent (2009–2021) perspective on sustainable color and textile coloration using natural plant resources

“…Color change and color transfer of the encapsulated dyes were better compared to the unencapsulated dyes ( dos Santos et al., 2018 ). Besides, waste parts of allium cepa skin, annatto seeds, terminalia chebula, and leaves of macaranga peltate were also utilized as a source of natural colorants to dye PET fibers with good color performance ( Pawar et al., 2019 ; Nakpathom et al., 2019 ; Lee et al., 2020 ; Manicketh and Francis, 2020 ). Recently, He et al.…”

“… Antibacterial/Antimicrobial Quince leaves, Tectona grandis L. leaves extract, Rheum emodi L., henna, pomegranate, thyme, gallnut extract, gromwell, Pterocarya fraxinifolia, Bixa orellana seed, Acacia arabica bark, Chinese gall, green tea, coffee, pinecone, pineapple peel waste, pomegranate rind, buckwheat hull, Croton urucurana Baill. bark, green tea, turmeric, Commiphora of the Burseraceae shrub, Saraca asoca and Albizia lebbeck, Citrus grandis Osbeck, henna, Walnut Sheel, Cochineal, madder, weld, onion skin, pineapple peel waste ( Cerempei et al., 2016 ; Shahid-ul-Islam et al., 2018a , Shahid-ul-Islam et al., 2018b ; Khan et al., 2012 ; Alebeid et al., 2020a , Alebeid et al., 2020b ; Davulcu et al., 2014 ; Rehman et al., 2018 ; Lee et al., 2015 ; Hong et al., 2012 ; Ebrahimi and Parvinzadeh Gashti, 2015 ; Chattopadhyay et al., 2015 ; Zhang et al., 2014 ; Shahid-ul-Islam et al., 2018a , Shahid-ul-Islam et al., 2018b ; Hong, 2018 ; Lee et al., 2018 ; Sheikh et al., 2019 ; Baseri, 2020 ; Inprasit et al., 2020 ; Peran et al., 2020 ; Zhang et al., 2020 ; dos Silva et al., 2020 ; Shahmoradi Ghaheh et al., 2014 ; Lee et al., 2017 ; Baliarsingh et al., 2012 ; Yi and Yoo, 2010 ; Yusuf et al., 2012 ; Ghaheh et al., 2012 ; Sadeghi-Kiakhani et al., 2018b ; Pawar et al., 2019 ; Sheikh et al., 2019 ; Inprasit et al., 2020 ; Lee et al., 2020 ; Haji, 2012 ) UV protective Henna, Bixa orellana seed, Acacia arabica bark, Marigold (Tagetes erecta), Peanut skin roasted, Pineapple peel waste, A. nilotica, buckwheat hull, Golden shower pods, Neem bark, Andaman satinwood leave, Burma padauk bark, Sappan, Acacia bark, Croton urucurana Baill bark, Equisetum arvense L., Oak Bark Extract, curcurmin, H. italicum (Roth) G. Don (curry plant), R...…”

Current Medical Applications of Terminalia Chebula: An Overview

“…Additionally, in a study P. mirabilis, K. pneumonia, A. baylyi, and P. aeruginosa were used to show the growth inhibitory activity of T. chebula fruit extracts alone and in combination with conventional antibiotics (Mandeville and Cock, 2018). This property of T. chebula was used in combination with recycled polyesters to expand the range of their application because of increasing antibacterial activities (Lee et al, 2020). Additionally, in vitro antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate extract of T. chebula was shown compared to standard amoxicillin for treatment of subclinical mastitis in three breeds of cattle in India (Kher et al, 2019).…”

Recent Studies on Recycled PET Fibers: Production and Applications: a Review

“…Automotive interiors (Lee et al 2020) -Dyeability was enhanced by enhancing temperature, time, and liquor concentration.…”