“…We should also point out that metal mordants are able to produce coordination complexes both with the functional groups of lawsone, ellagic acid, and juglone (OH, C=O) and with the functional groups of nylon 6 (NH 2 , COOH), which provides a bridge between the dyes and the nylon 6. Furthermore, π – π interactions between tannic‐acid‐treated nylon 6 and extracted compounds from henna, pomegranate rind, and P. fraxinifolia plants possibly improve the dyeability of fabrics . The chemical structures of the nylon 6, tannic acid, and extracted dyes in this study are summarised in Figure .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 81%
“…The dyeability of nylon 6 fibre thus depends on its physical and chemical structure. In this regard, the terminal carboxylic and amine groups as well as polyamide linkages play a dominant role in dyeability with anionic and cationic dyes . As terminal group ionisation is pH dependent, acidic pHs in the dyeing process give nylon 6 a net positive charge and render dyeability with the anionic domains of natural dyes.…”
Acid and disperse dyes are two well‐known synthetic materials that are primarily used for dyeing of nylon 6 fibres. Despite their good performance, several negative impacts on the environment, including air and water pollution, are major concerns to researchers. An alternative ecofriendly approach to the dyeing of nylon 6 is the use of natural dyes, given their abundant natural sources, biocompatibility, biodegradability, non‐toxicity, non‐allergic responses, and non‐carcinogenic effects on human life. Based on these advantages, we extracted polyphenolic dyes from henna leaves, pomegranate rind, and Pterocarya fraxinifolia leaves and studied the dyeability on nylon 6 fabric using three compounds of aluminium sulfate, tannic acid, and tin chloride as toxic and non‐toxic mordants before dyeing. Fourier transform infrared spectra of the nylon 6 fabric confirmed the coordination complexes and π–π bonding between the mordants and the dyes. Colorimetric and fastness results showed that the mordants increased the colour strength and improved the fastness properties of the fibres. Our results suggest that tin chloride and aluminium sulfate as metal mordants can be successfully replaced with tannic acid as a biomordant in the natural dyeing of nylon 6. Also, cost assay showed that dyeing of nylon 6 with extracted natural dyes from waste leaves could be a sustainable and economical substitute for synthetic dyeing.
“…We should also point out that metal mordants are able to produce coordination complexes both with the functional groups of lawsone, ellagic acid, and juglone (OH, C=O) and with the functional groups of nylon 6 (NH 2 , COOH), which provides a bridge between the dyes and the nylon 6. Furthermore, π – π interactions between tannic‐acid‐treated nylon 6 and extracted compounds from henna, pomegranate rind, and P. fraxinifolia plants possibly improve the dyeability of fabrics . The chemical structures of the nylon 6, tannic acid, and extracted dyes in this study are summarised in Figure .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 81%
“…The dyeability of nylon 6 fibre thus depends on its physical and chemical structure. In this regard, the terminal carboxylic and amine groups as well as polyamide linkages play a dominant role in dyeability with anionic and cationic dyes . As terminal group ionisation is pH dependent, acidic pHs in the dyeing process give nylon 6 a net positive charge and render dyeability with the anionic domains of natural dyes.…”
Acid and disperse dyes are two well‐known synthetic materials that are primarily used for dyeing of nylon 6 fibres. Despite their good performance, several negative impacts on the environment, including air and water pollution, are major concerns to researchers. An alternative ecofriendly approach to the dyeing of nylon 6 is the use of natural dyes, given their abundant natural sources, biocompatibility, biodegradability, non‐toxicity, non‐allergic responses, and non‐carcinogenic effects on human life. Based on these advantages, we extracted polyphenolic dyes from henna leaves, pomegranate rind, and Pterocarya fraxinifolia leaves and studied the dyeability on nylon 6 fabric using three compounds of aluminium sulfate, tannic acid, and tin chloride as toxic and non‐toxic mordants before dyeing. Fourier transform infrared spectra of the nylon 6 fabric confirmed the coordination complexes and π–π bonding between the mordants and the dyes. Colorimetric and fastness results showed that the mordants increased the colour strength and improved the fastness properties of the fibres. Our results suggest that tin chloride and aluminium sulfate as metal mordants can be successfully replaced with tannic acid as a biomordant in the natural dyeing of nylon 6. Also, cost assay showed that dyeing of nylon 6 with extracted natural dyes from waste leaves could be a sustainable and economical substitute for synthetic dyeing.
“…For example, dyeing machinery can be made energy efficient by reducing their water usage through machinery modifications, such as airflow dyeing machine where dye liquor is atomised, mixed with high pressure airflow and then is sprayed on the fabric, which considerably reduces water usage [Siu et al, 2016]. Nylon fibre can be dyed at room temperature on the melt spinning machine by using the solvent crazing technique [Kale et al, 2015] that considerably reduces energy demand for dyeing.…”
“…3, it can be observed that as temperature of dye bath increases the colour strength of dyed polyester fabric also increases up to equilibrium after which it decreases with increase in dyeing temperature. This variation may be ascribed to the shift of equilibrium of dye from fabric to dye bath (Kale et al., 2015; Ramezanzadeh et al., 2015; Tayade and Adivarekar, 2013). Thus, dyeing temperature of 130 °C was optimized for dyeing of polyester using GES as a solvent as there was no significant difference in colour strengths at 130 °C and 140 °C respectively.Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It represents molecules of dye entrapped physically in polyester fibres (Dumbleton and Bowles, 1966; Hsieh and Mo, 1987; Ochowicz and Jeziorny, 1972). Crystallinity % was evaluated by estimating area of sharp and broad peaks and calculated by using following formula (Kale et al., 2015). Crystallinity%=IntensityofcrystallineregionIntensityofcrystallineregion+Intensityofamorphousregion×100Fig.…”
In the past decade, water scarcity has become major concern and is going to be reality in future too. At the same time textile is necessity which needs a billion liters of fresh water for its processing. Out of this 16 % of water is only used for dyeing of textile materials. In a quest to develop a sustainable approach to reduce water scarcity, an attempt has been made to minimize water consumption in textile wet processing. In this work, an eco-friendly glycerine based eutectic solvent (GES) was prepared by using choline chloride, urea and glycerin to reduce water consumption in polyester dyeing. The prepared solvent was characterized in terms of FTIR. Dyeing parameters like time, temperature and pH were optimized for dyeing of polyester using GES as a dyeing medium. The efficacy of dyeing was analyzed by colour strength and colour performance properties; sublimation, wash and light fastness. In comparison with conventional dyed polyester overall dyeing performance was found to be better without affecting tensile strength of polyester which remains almost same whereas thermal stability of solvent dyed polyester was slightly improved compared with aqueous dyed polyester. The results obtained from this study suggest that the GES as a polyester dyeing medium can be a green approach in dyeing of polyester.
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