Dying younger in Scotland: Trends in mortality and deprivation relative to England and Wales, 1981–2011

Schofield, Lauren; Walsh, David; Munoz-Arroyo, Rosalia; McCartney, Gerry; Buchanan, D; Lawder, Richard; Armstrong, Matthew; Dundas, Ruth; Leyland, Alastair H.

doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.05.007

Cited by 39 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The 9% excess for Scotland compared with England and Wales is lower than that observed by Popham and Boyle3 for the same age group (probably explained by the incorporation of additional socioeconomic controls and differences in the sample and length of follow-up period), but similar to that observed for all ages in analyses by Hanlon et al 1 for 2001 (8%) and Schofield et al 13 for 2011 (10%). The 27% higher mortality in Glasgow compared with Liverpool and Manchester is also comparable to the analyses based on area-based measures of income deprivation (30% higher mortality for age <65 years) 9…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

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Do differences in religious affiliation explain high levels of excess mortality in the UK?

Ralston

Walsh

Feng

et al. 2017

J Epidemiol Community Health

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Background High levels of mortality not explained by differences in socioeconomic status (SES) have been observed for Scotland and its largest city, Glasgow, compared with elsewhere in the UK. Previous crosssectional research highlighted potentially relevant differences in social capital, including religious social capital (the benefits of social participation in organised religion). The aim of this study was to use longitudinal data to assess whether religious affiliation (as measured in UK censuses) attenuated the high levels of Scottish excess mortality. Methods The study used the Scottish Longitudinal Study (SLS) and the ONS Longitudinal Study of England and Wales. Risk of all-cause mortality (2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010) was compared between residents aged 35 and 74 years of Scotland and England and Wales, and between Glasgow and Liverpool/Manchester, using Poisson regression. Models adjusted for age, gender, SES and religious affiliation. Similar country-based analyses were undertaken for suicide. Results After adjustment for age, gender and SES, all-cause mortality was 9% higher in Scotland than in England and Wales, and 27% higher in Glasgow than in Liverpool or Manchester. Religious affiliation was notably lower across Scotland; but, its inclusion in the models did not attenuate the level of Scottish excess all-cause mortality, and only marginally lowered the differences in risk of suicide. Conclusions Differences in religious affiliation do not explain the higher mortality rates in Scotland compared with the rest of the UK. However, it is possible that other aspects of religion such as religiosity or religious participation which were not assessed here may still be important.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…Suicide has been shown to make a considerable contribution to the high levels of excess mortality observed Scotland and Glasgow 6 9 13…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do differences in religious affiliation explain high levels of excess mortality in the UK?

Ralston

Walsh

Feng

et al. 2017

J Epidemiol Community Health

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“…Much of this is explained by recent experiences of deindustrialisation, deprivation and poverty, the latter being root causes of poor health in all societies, not just Scotland 4,[8][9][10][11][12] . However, in addition, high levels of excess mortality -that is, higher mortality over and above that explained by differences in socioeconomic deprivation -have been observed for Scotland compared with England & Wales [13][14][15][16][17] , as well as for Glasgow compared with similar post-industrial UK cities such as Liverpool,…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

History, politics and vulnerability: explaining excess mortality in Scotland and Glasgow

et al. 2017

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The work has helped to further understanding of the underlying causes of Glasgow's and Scotland's high levels of excess mortality. The implications for policy include the need to address three issues simultaneously: to protect against key exposures (e.g. poverty) which impact detrimentally across all parts of the UK; to address the existing consequences of Glasgow's and Scotland's vulnerability; and to mitigate against the effects of future vulnerabilities which are likely to emerge from policy responses to contemporary problems which fail sufficiently to consider and to prevent long-term, unintended social consequences.

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“…These suggest some upward trend in prescriptions for certain types of mental illness in the period since 2006 (McTaggart, personal communication, 2016) and comments on how prescription patterns vary according to socio-demographic factors like gender and age (Francis and McTaggart, 2015). It has also been reported (Schofield et al, 2016) that, compared with England and Wales, Scotland has shown a growing excess mortality due to self-harm, allowing for differences in deprivation, and Scottish policies have sought to protect mental health care provision against austerity cuts. It is recognized that more evidence is needed to quantify the nature of the relationship between employment during economic recession and health in the population.…”

Section: Background To the Researcha Review Of Existing Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Changing labour market conditions during the ‘great recession' and mental health in Scotland 2007-2011: an example using the Scottish Longitudinal Study and data for local areas in Scotland

Pearce

Curtis

Cherrie

et al. 2018

European Journal of Public Health

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This paper reports research exploring how trends in local labour market conditions during the period 2007-2011 (early stages of the 'great recession') relate to reported mental illness for individuals. It contributes to research on spatio-temporal variation in the wider determinants of health, exploring how the lifecourse of places relates to socio-geographical inequalities in health outcomes for individuals. This study also contributes to the renewed research focus on the links between labour market trends and population health, prompted by the recent global economic recession. We report research using the Scottish Longitudinal Study (SLS), a 5.3% representative sample of the Scottish population, derived from census data (https://sls.lscs.ac.uk/). In Scotland, (2011) census data include self-reported mental health. SLS data were combined with non-disclosive information from other sources, including spatio-temporal trends in labour market conditions (calculated using trajectory modelling) in the 32 local authority areas in Scotland. We show that, for groups of local authorities in Scotland over the period 2007-2011, trends in employment varied. These geographically variable trends in employment rates were associated with inequalities in self-reported mental health across the country, after controlling for a number of other individual and neighbourhood risk factors. For residents of regions that had experienced relatively high and stable levels of employment the odds ratio for reporting a mental illness was significantly lower than for the 'reference group', living in areas with persistently low employment rates. In areas where employment declined markedly from higher levels, the odds ratio was similar to the reference group. The findings emphasise how changes in local economic conditions may influence people's health and wellbeing independently of their own employment status. We conclude that, during the recent recession, the economic life course of places across Scotland has been associated with individual mental health outcomes.

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Dying younger in Scotland: Trends in mortality and deprivation relative to England and Wales, 1981–2011

Cited by 39 publications

References 33 publications

Do differences in religious affiliation explain high levels of excess mortality in the UK?

Do differences in religious affiliation explain high levels of excess mortality in the UK?

History, politics and vulnerability: explaining excess mortality in Scotland and Glasgow

Changing labour market conditions during the ‘great recession' and mental health in Scotland 2007-2011: an example using the Scottish Longitudinal Study and data for local areas in Scotland

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