Dynamic adjustment in agricultural practices to economic incentives aiming to decrease fertilizer application

Sun, Shanxia; Delgado, Michael S.; Sesmero, Juan

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.04.002

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The increased dependency on agrochemicals in Canada comes despite efforts to reduce use of pesticides and fertilizers through integrated pest management (IPM) practices (Pimentel and Peshin, 2014), agricultural biotechnology advancements (Klümper and Qaim, 2014), and precision adjustments in fertilizer applications (Sun et al, 2016). Current increasing trends of agrochemical applications will likely continue as landscapes become more simplified due to agricultural intensification (Godfray et al, 2010;Meehan et al, 2011), agricultural expansion through land clearing (Tilman et al, 2011), and stochastic weather events as a result of climate change (Gregory et al, 2009;Olfert et al, 2016).…”

Section: Consequences Of Overreliance On Agrochemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the light of mounting environmental concerns, current and future management practices and policies to limit agrochemical use are urgently needed to address these challenges and improve the agro-environmental performance of the sector in Canada. In addition to further promoting IPM approaches (Sun et al, 2016), regenerative agriculture (LaCanne and Lundgren, 2018) or nature-based solutions (Seddon et al, 2020) hold significant promise for systems-level solutions that not only reduce pesticide applications, but can also be cost-effective for farmers, enhance biodiversity, improve ecosystem health, combat climate change, reduce pest resistance, and enhance the resilience of croplands.…”

Section: Consequences Of Overreliance On Agrochemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Crops and Agrochemicals in Canada Over 35 Years

Malaj

Freistadt

Morrissey

2020

Front. Environ. Sci.

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In an effort to feed a growing world population, agriculture has rapidly intensified over the last six decades, relying heavily on agrochemicals (fertilizers, insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides) to increase and maintain desired crop yields. Despite environmental concerns in Canada's agricultural regions, long-term patterns of changing crops and the associated trends in the proportion of cropland treated with agrochemicals are poorly documented. Using the Canadian Census of Agriculture, we compiled historical data over 35 years (eight census periods: 1981-2016) on agrochemical applications, measured as the proportion of cropland treated with pesticides and fertilizers and the associated crop classes, to identify and interpret spatial and temporal trends in Canada's agricultural practices across 260 census units. Due to differences in agricultural practices, soil, and climatic conditions across the country, the Pacific

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Section: Consequences Of Overreliance On Agrochemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Consequences Of Overreliance On Agrochemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Crops and Agrochemicals in Canada Over 35 Years

Malaj

Freistadt

Morrissey

2020

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…In 1990, China consumed 19.2 Tg of N in the form of chemical fertilizers, a quarter of the world's total, and 32.6 Tg in 2010, a third of the world's total [10]. Unfortunately, because it is difficult to predict N fertilizer requirements accurately, N is often applied in excess of what the crop requires, which has unintended adverse consequences for the environment, including the degradation of downstream water quality and eutrophication of coastal marine ecosystems [3,6,11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crop Structure Changes Altered the Cropland Nitrogen Balance between 2005 and 2015 on the Sanjiang Plain, China

et al. 2018

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Nitrogen (N) budgets have been computed in many countries at various scales to improve understanding of N-balance characteristics and to assess the environmental pollution risks of applying chemical fertilizer N. However, dynamic characteristics, driving forces, and potential soil fertility consequences related to cropland N balance have seldom been discussed, especially in regions with highly fertile soils and low N-use intensities. This study investigated the temporal and spatial characteristics of N balance, and the impact of agricultural development on the agro-ecosystems of the Sanjiang Plain, one of the largest producers of commodity food grains in China. County-level agricultural statistics at five-year intervals were used to calculate agricultural N balances, N surplus intensity, and N-use efficiency between 2005 and 2015. Agricultural development has brought about continual increases in cultivated land area, consumption of chemical fertilizers, and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Nitrogen surplus intensity decreased from 65.0 kg/ha in 2005 to 43.5 kg/ha in 2010, and to 22.2 kg/ha in 2015. However, NUE was >90% in 13 counties in 2015, and in 11 counties in 2010. In contrast, only 5 counties had NUE above 90% in 2005, which indicates that N from the soil was used by crops and soil fertility was gradually decreasing. The percentage change of crop area, namely, the increase in maize area percentage, contributed significantly to the increases in NUE. A judicious management of fertilizers that meets the nutrient needs of the crops and ensures agricultural sustainability on the Sanjiang Plain is therefore essential. The findings of this study emphasize the importance of assessing the impact of crop structure adjustment on soil fertility and nitrogen balance during agricultural development.

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“…Fertilizer applications exceeding crop requirements can pollute groundwater and stream water [6]. Farmers, however, often overuse chemical fertilizers since 2 of 11 information on insufficient or deficient nutrients and the necessary respective concentrations needed to be added in the soil is lacking [7]. Experimental statistics indicate that farmers can cut down on the amount of the chemical fertilizer and save money if they choose chemical fertilizers based on scientific information gathered from their farm's nutritive need [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Channel Optoelectronic Measurement System for Soil Nutrients Analysis

Birech

et al. 2019

Electronics

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To solve the problems that occur when farmers overuse chemical fertilizers, it is necessary to develop rapid and efficient portable measurement systems for the detection and quantification of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in soil. Challenges arise from the use of currently available portable instruments which only have a few channels, namely measurement and the reference channels. We report on a home-built, multichannel, optoelectronic measurement system with automatically switching light sources for the detection of N, P, K content in soil samples. This optoelectronic measurement system consists of joint LED light sources with peak emission wavelengths of 405 nm, 660 nm, and 515 nm, a photodiode array, a circuit board with a microcontroller unit (MCU), and a liquid-crystal display (LCD) touch screen. The straightforward principle for rapid detection of the extractable nutrients (N, P, K) was well-established, and characterization of the designed measurement system was done. Using this multi-channel measurement system, available nutrients extracted from six soil samples could be measured simultaneously. The absorbance compensation, concentration calibration, and nutrition measurements were performed automatically to achieve high consistency across six channels. The experimental results showed that the cumulative relative standard deviations of 1.22%, 1.27%, and 1.00% were obtained from six channels with known concentrations of standard solutions, respectively. The coefficients of correlation for the detection of extracted nutrients of N, P, K content in soil samples using both the proposed method and conventional lab-based method were 0.9010, 0.9471, and 0.8923, respectively. Experimental results show that this optoelectronic measurement system can perform the measurement of N, P, K contents of six soil samples simultaneously and may be used as an actual tool in determining nutrients in soil samples with an improvement in detection efficiency.

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Dynamic adjustment in agricultural practices to economic incentives aiming to decrease fertilizer application

Cited by 16 publications

References 40 publications

Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Crops and Agrochemicals in Canada Over 35 Years

Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Crops and Agrochemicals in Canada Over 35 Years

Crop Structure Changes Altered the Cropland Nitrogen Balance between 2005 and 2015 on the Sanjiang Plain, China

Multi-Channel Optoelectronic Measurement System for Soil Nutrients Analysis

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