Dynamic adsorption study for water removal from ethanol solution by using a novel immobilized starch sorbent

Applicability of Composite Silica–Divinylbenzene in Bioethanol Dehydration: Equilibrium, Kinetic, Thermodynamic, and Regeneration Analysis

“…The gel was then cut into small pieces and oven-dried for 12 h at 100 °C. The preparation of SiO 2 was applied appropriately for the succeeding adsorbents …”

“…The preparation of SiO 2 was applied appropriately for the succeeding adsorbents. 16 To prepare the PDVB/R-SiO 2 adsorbent, the SiO 2 was silanized to transform the hydrophilic surface properties of silica gel to being hydrophobic. SiO 2 (up to 3 g), toluene (50 mL), and KH-570 (10 mL) were mixed for 10 min and then refluxed at 85 °C for 10 h. Afterward, ethanol was used to repeatedly wash the vinyl-functionalized SiO 2 and dry at 25 °C.…”

“…A simple fermentation process in the industry yields an aqueous solution with low ethanol concentration of approximately 5–12% by mass. In order for ethanol to be blended with gasoline, a minimum purity of 99.5% must be reached because the presence of water in the fuel can cause formation of undesired separating mixtures with hydrocarbons. , This can be achieved by two separation steps: (1) the conventional distillation process which concentrates bioethanol up to the water–ethanol azeotrope of 95.6 wt % ethanol and (2) a more complex dehydration technique to reach the target ethanol purity. , The current industrial dehydration techniques undertaken to achieve the anhydrous state that includes pervaporation, azeotropic distillation, extractive distillation, membrane processes, and adsorption processes are all energy-intensive processes. Among these techniques, adsorption has recently attracted more attention, as it requires less energy input and its only major drawback lies in the desorption step leading to higher overall equipment costs. , …”

“…5,6 This can be achieved by two separation steps: (1) the conventional distillation process which concentrates bioethanol up to the water−ethanol azeotrope of 95.6 wt % ethanol and (2) a more complex dehydration technique to reach the target ethanol purity. 7,8 The current industrial dehydration techniques undertaken to achieve the anhydrous state that includes pervaporation, azeotropic distillation, extractive distillation, membrane processes, and adsorption processes are all energy-intensive processes. Among these techniques, adsorption has recently attracted more attention, as it requires less energy input and its only major drawback lies in the desorption step leading to higher overall equipment costs.…”

Carbon/Attapulgite Composites as Recycled Palm Oil-Decoloring and Dye Adsorbents

“…In order to explore a sustainable way to develop efficient decolorant of palm oil, and cyclically reutilize the decolorization waste, we firstly prepared C/APT adsorbent with renewable, low-cost, and non-toxic starch (St) [ 41 , 42 ] as a carbon source and APT as the supporter, and used for the decolorization of crude palm oil. The resulting decolorization waste was regenerated by a one-step calcination process to produce new C/APT composites [ 43 , 44 ] and used for the removal of dyes (i.e., methylene blue (MB), methyl violet (MV), and malachite green (MG)) from polluted water.…”