Dynamic alterations in wellbore cement integrity due to geochemical reactions in CO<sub>2</sub>‐rich environments

Cao, Ping; Karpyn, Zuleima T.; Li, Li

doi:10.1002/wrcr.20340

Cited by 59 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…The different zones are illustrated in Figure 10 and are in agreement with the literature (e.g., [9]). The numbering of zones is taken from Sterpenich et al [7], adapted from Kutchko et al [16].…”

Section: Ca(oh)2 + H + + Hco3supporting

confidence: 89%

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Experimental Modelling of the Caprock/Cement Interface Behaviour under CO2 Storage Conditions: Effect of Water and Supercritical CO2 from a Cathodoluminescence Study

et al. 2018

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Abstract:In the framework of CO 2 geological storage, one of the critical points leading to possible important CO 2 leakage is the behaviour of the different interfaces between the rocks and the injection wells. This paper discussed the results from an experimental modelling of the evolution of a caprock/cement interface under high pressure and temperature conditions. Batch experiments were performed with a caprock (Callovo-Oxfordian claystone of the Paris Basin) in contact with a cement (Portland class G) in the presence of supercritical CO 2 under dry or wet conditions. The mineralogical and mechanical evolution of the caprock, the Portland cement, and their interface submitted to the attack of carbonic acid either supercritical or dissolved in a saline water under geological conditions of pressure and temperature. This model should help to better understand the behaviour of interfaces in the proximal zone at the injection site and to prevent risks of leakage from this critical part of injection wells. After one month of ageing at 80 • C under 100 bar of CO 2 pressure, the caprock, the cement, and the interface between the caprock and cement are investigated with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and cathodoluminescence (CL). The main results reveal (i) the influence of the alteration conditions: with dry CO 2 , the carbonation of the cement is more extended than under wet conditions; (ii) successive phases of carbonate precipitation (calcite and aragonite) responsible for the loss of mechanical cohesion of the interfaces; (iii) the mineralogical and chemical evolution of the cement which undergoes successive phases of carbonation and leaching; (iv) the limited reactivity of the clayey caprock despite the acidic attack of CO 2 ; and (v) the influence of water on the transport mechanisms of dissolved species and thus on the location of mineral precipitations.

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Section: Ca(oh)2 + H + + Hco3supporting

confidence: 89%

“…Samples of cement are aged under high CO 2 pressure and at different temperatures. Some studies focus on cement/rock interfaces, with the rock being sandstones (e.g., [9][10][11] Cao, Walsh, Mito), basalts (e.g., [12] Jung), shales (e.g., [4,13]), siltstones (e.g., [14] Newell), or claystones (e.g., [15] Manceau).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Modelling of the Caprock/Cement Interface Behaviour under CO2 Storage Conditions: Effect of Water and Supercritical CO2 from a Cathodoluminescence Study

et al. 2018

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“…Numerous studies in recent years have addressed the interactions between cement and supercritical CO 2 or CO 2 -saturated formation water under conditions relevant to carbon sequestration [Bachu and Bennion, 2009;Barlet-Gouedard et al, 2006;Barlet-Gou edard et al, 2009;Brandvoll et al, 2009;Duguid and Scherer, 2010;Duguid et al, 2006;Kutchko et al, 2007Kutchko et al, , 2009Liteanu et al, 2009;Mason et al, Water Resources Research PUBLICATIONS 2013; Scherer et al, 2005;Condor and Asghari, 2009]. Many studies have focused on the reactive transport of CO 2 -rich fluid through cement-cement interface and the associated property evolution of cement fractures [Cao et al, 2013;Huerta et al, 2011;Huerta et al, 2013aHuerta et al, , 2013bLiteanu and Spiers, 2011;Luquot et al, 2013;Ozyurtkan and Radonjic, 2014;Walsh et al, 2012;Wenning et al, 2013;Yalcinkaya et al, 2011]. A recent review by Carey [2013] summarized many of the findings on geochemical reactions of Portland cement with CO 2 -bearing fluids and the wellbore integrity along the cement-steel interface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent review by Carey [2013] summarized many of the findings on geochemical reactions of Portland cement with CO 2 -bearing fluids and the wellbore integrity along the cement-steel interface. Various cement properties, including porosity and pore connectivity [Ozyurtkan and Radonjic, 2014;Yalcinkaya et al, 2011], and effective permeability [Bachu and Bennion, 2009;Cao et al, 2013;Huerta et al, 2013a;Liteanu and Spiers, 2011;Luquot et al, 2013;Walsh et al, 2012] have been examined to understand their impacts on the evolution of cement fractures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐healing of cement fractures under dynamic flow of CO₂‐rich brine

Cao

Karpyn

2015

Water Resources Research

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Fractures and defects in wellbore cement can lead to increased possibilities of CO 2 leakage from abandoned wells during geological carbon sequestration. To investigate the physicochemical response of defective wellbore cement to CO 2 -rich brine, we carried out a reactive flow-through experiment using an artificially fractured cement sample at a length of 224.8 mm. A brine solution with dissolved CO 2 at a pH of approximately 3.9 was injected through the sample at a constant rate of 0.0083 cm 3 /s. Surface optical profilometry analysis and 3-D X-ray microtomography imaging confirmed fracture closure and selfhealing behavior consistent with the measured permeability decrease. Visual inspection of the reacted fracture surface showed the development of reactive patterns mapping the flow velocity field inside the fracture, as well as restricted flow toward the sample outlet. The postexperiment permeability of the core sample was measured at half of its initial permeability. A reactive transport model was developed with parameters derived from the experiment to further examine property evolution of fractured cement under dynamic flow of CO 2 -rich brine. Sensitivity analysis showed that residence time and the size of initial fracture aperture are the key factors controlling the tendency to self-healing or fracture opening behavior and therefore determine the long-term integrity of the wellbore cement. Longer residence time and small apertures promote mineral precipitation, fracture closure, and therefore flow restriction. This work also suggests a narrow threshold separating the fracture opening and self-sealing behavior.

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confidence: 99%

Analysis of Anorthite Dissolution on the Submicrometer Scale

et al. 2018

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Dissolution reactions are critical to understanding various earth science and engineering processes: the release of contaminants into potentially potable groundwater, fluvial morphology development, and integrity of engineered structures such as well bores, dams and building foundations [1][2][3]. Yet there exist pervasive discrepancies between laboratory and field determined reaction rates [4]. Relationships between dissolution reactions across these scales can be described using Damköhler numbers, or ratios between mass transfer and chemical reaction rates (Eq. 1). This research investigates how variations in pH and Darcy flux (U x ) affect the reaction rate (R) and flow velocity respectively, during anorthite dissolution between the effective and local scale dissolution (Eq. 1). In situ analyses of anorthite dissolution (Eq. 2) focus on changes in solution chemistry at the effective area scale -the pore network -and at the local area scale -the interpore.Flow experiments are conducted by injecting a fluid into 65 x 25 m channels laser etched into a sample of anorthite [5] (Fig. 1). The idealized pore network is sealed with a clear layer of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), allowing fluid flow between the PDMS layer and the channel bottoms. An acidic solution (pH ~ 3.01) is injected at one end of the channel network and fluid samples are collected at the outlet after having reacted with the anorthite channel walls. Effective reaction rates are calculated from the difference in Ca 2+ , Al 3+ , SO 2(aq) , and H + concentrations between inlet and outlet fluids. Flow rate is determined from time-lapse images of 2µm diameter Fluoro-Max Red fluorescent beads using an Olympus BX51 fluorescence microscope with a 0.02 sec exposure time.To measure reactions on the local or inter-pore scale, we must capture information on micron to nanometer scale processes. Using two-photon excitation fluorescence imaging (TPEF) with a ytterbium femtosecond laser developed at Colorado School of Mines, spatial frequency modulation for imaging (SPIFI) will be tested to detect Ca 2+ release on the micron to submicron scale. Tests will entail adding a fluorescing Ca 2+ indicator to the flow solution and conducting laser imaging during flow through experiments to capture Ca 2+ release during dissolution. SPIFI has been used with TPEF and with second-harmonic generation (SHG) to image inorganic and biological samples [6,7]. However, this would be the first time in-situ geochemical dissolution has been captured with SPIFI.Electron microscopy is used to characterize and select appropriate mineral samples (ESEM and EDS), map regions of potential sample damage during laser ablation for subsequent removal (TEM) (Fig. 2), and elemental mapping of channel cross sections before and after flow through experiments (STEM).Anorthite specimen with etched flow-through channels have been used to induce and capture effective mineral dissolution. Continued work will involve varying the acidity and velocity of flow-through solutions to assess the dependence of ano...

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Dynamic alterations in wellbore cement integrity due to geochemical reactions in CO₂‐rich environments

Cited by 59 publications

References 76 publications

Experimental Modelling of the Caprock/Cement Interface Behaviour under CO2 Storage Conditions: Effect of Water and Supercritical CO2 from a Cathodoluminescence Study

Experimental Modelling of the Caprock/Cement Interface Behaviour under CO2 Storage Conditions: Effect of Water and Supercritical CO2 from a Cathodoluminescence Study

Self‐healing of cement fractures under dynamic flow of CO₂‐rich brine

Analysis of Anorthite Dissolution on the Submicrometer Scale

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Dynamic alterations in wellbore cement integrity due to geochemical reactions in CO2‐rich environments

Cited by 59 publications

References 76 publications

Experimental Modelling of the Caprock/Cement Interface Behaviour under CO2 Storage Conditions: Effect of Water and Supercritical CO2 from a Cathodoluminescence Study

Experimental Modelling of the Caprock/Cement Interface Behaviour under CO2 Storage Conditions: Effect of Water and Supercritical CO2 from a Cathodoluminescence Study

Self‐healing of cement fractures under dynamic flow of CO2‐rich brine

Analysis of Anorthite Dissolution on the Submicrometer Scale

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Dynamic alterations in wellbore cement integrity due to geochemical reactions in CO₂‐rich environments

Self‐healing of cement fractures under dynamic flow of CO₂‐rich brine