Dynamic Analysis and Model Order Reduction of Virtual Synchronous Machine Based Microgrid

Hu, Wenqiang; Wu, Zheng-Mao; Dinavahi, Venkata

doi:10.1109/access.2020.3001076

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The Equivalent Swing method assumes that the inertial response from WTs is equivalent to that from conventional SGs. A similar assumption is made when equating VSMs and SGs in [41]. Some differences do exist between SG and VSM power responses; [42] highlights that the damping provided by SGs is external through the damper windings, whereas, VSMs provide virtual damping directly through an internal path.…”

Section: B Equivalent Swing Methodsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Impact of Wind Variation on the Measurement of Wind Turbine Inertia Provision

Harrison¹,

Papadopoulos

Ricardo-da-Silva

et al. 2021

IEEE Access

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Wind turbine (WT) control is being adapted to enable inertia provision that supports network frequency on short timescales. Measuring the inertia contribution from wind turbines is critical to asses the provision of the service as well as understand the WT operation. However, inertia measurement methods disagree on the impact of the wind and how to approximate its effects. This paper uses data from a ScottishPower Renewables (SPR) test of a grid connected wind farm to highlight that wind can impact inertia provision and that external network power measurements are unable to measure the inertia. Two proposals are made to improve inertia measurements. First, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) industrial standard for WT inertia measurement is adapted, and secondly, an alternate method using system identification is proposed that considers characteristics of the WT's dynamic response. The measurement methods from the literature and the proposals are assessed using the output of time-domain WT models to find the sensitivity of their accuracies to variations in the wind, frequency, and control-setting conditions. The methods from the literature are inaccurate during variable wind conditions but the proposed approaches improve the accuracy. The findings of the sensitivity study are then validated by applying the measurement methods to the SPR wind farm experimental data and confirm that the proposed system identification method is the most accurate measurement approach.

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Section: B Equivalent Swing Methodsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Impact of Wind Variation on the Measurement of Wind Turbine Inertia Provision

Harrison¹,

Papadopoulos

Ricardo-da-Silva

et al. 2021

IEEE Access

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“…Generally, dynamic equivalencing is preferred as it retains equivalent physical meanings in the reduced model. Note that the VSM-based microgrid can be equivalent to a modified synchronous generator (SG) model due to the inertial merits of the VSM [13].…”

Section: R E a D O N L Ymentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust Secondary Frequency Control for Virtual Synchronous Machine-Based Microgrid Cluster Using Equivalent Modeling

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Smart Grid

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The technology of virtual synchronous machine (VSM) is attracting interest of researchers as it controls converters mimicking the synchronous machine's response so as to provide inertial support for power electronics dominated smart grids. For the VSM-based microgrid, its slow dynamics are dominated by synchronous generators (SGs) and the VSM control loops, which makes it possible to model this microgrid into an equivalent SG (EqSG) model. This paper proposes a robust secondary frequency control design method for the VSMbased low voltage (LV) microgrid cluster (MGC) using equivalent modeling. The EqSG model is used to construct the MGC model so as to reduce the model order and the complexity of controller synthesis. Modeling errors caused by the EqSG model and different operating conditions are integrated into the MGC model as unstructured uncertainties. The proposed secondary frequency control strategy is based on the distributed-centralized hybrid control structure to coordinate frequency restoration among LV microgrids. Structured µ-synthesis is applied for tuning control parameters realizing H ∞ robust performance against unstructured uncertainties. To reduce the communication resource consumption, an event-triggered mechanism considering communication delay is introduced in the robust secondary frequency control strategy. The triggering condition is analyzed using a Lyapunov function to guarantee H ∞ robust stability. Simulation and real-time experiment results on a MGC composed of four CIGRÉ benchmark LV microgrids are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.

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“…The advantage of these methods is that the available synchronous generator control mechanisms can be implemented. In this group, several methods have been proposed, such as synchronverters [7], virtual synchronous machine (VSM) [8,9], virtual inertia control [10], virtual synchronous generators (VSGs) [11], and global dc-link voltage-based droop control [12]. However, the majority of the state-of-the-art in this group still relies on a constant dc-link voltage that requires a battery storage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of a Stable Solar-Powered Microgrid Testbed for Remote Applications

2021

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An intrinsically stable microgrid, operated by inverter-interfaced distributed energy resources (I-DERs) is introduced in this paper. The microgrid is built upon a systematic design method, which is adapted from the operation of the synchronous machine (SM). The proposed method analogizes the dynamics of the dc-link in I-DERs to the rotor dynamics in synchronous generators (SGs) and utilizes the capacitor as energy storage. Thus, the proposed mechanism relaxes battery usage for frequency control, and by using the capacitive stored energy, provides a high fault ride-through capability, which is suitable for both on-grid and off-grid applications. Based on stability analysis of the SG and the dynamic state matrix eigenvalues for multimachine power system, the dc-link capacitor of I-DERs is characterized in the context of microgrid. The dc-link capacitor stores kinetic energy similar to the rotor of the SG and provides inertia in transients without the need of battery storage. The inverter angle responds to the change of the dc link voltage (energy). The dc-link voltage is then controlled similar to the field control pertaining to the SG. Finally, a governor-like mechanism is applied to maintain dc-link voltage stability. Simulation and experimental results are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed design mechanisms.

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Dynamic Analysis and Model Order Reduction of Virtual Synchronous Machine Based Microgrid

Cited by 18 publications

References 38 publications

Impact of Wind Variation on the Measurement of Wind Turbine Inertia Provision

Impact of Wind Variation on the Measurement of Wind Turbine Inertia Provision

Robust Secondary Frequency Control for Virtual Synchronous Machine-Based Microgrid Cluster Using Equivalent Modeling

Implementation of a Stable Solar-Powered Microgrid Testbed for Remote Applications

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