“…al., 2021 ; Bontempi, 2021 ; Bontempi et al, 2020 ; Baay et al, 2020 ; Luo et al, 2020 ; Chen et al, 2021b ; Rayan, 2021 ; Cevik et al, 2021 ; Marquès et al, 2022 ; Cao et al, 2020 ). Among multi risk exposure factors in the susceptibility of COVID-19 in large urban areas, outdoor short-term and long-term exposure to air pollutants and radon under specific meteorological conditions may play a significant role in spatiotemporal spreading of SARS-CoV-2 pathogens and COVID-19 disease severity ( Bontempi et al, 2020 , Iqbal et al, 2021 , Soriano et al, 2021 ; Destoumieux-Garzon at al, 2022 ; Shi, Qi, 2022 ).…”