“…Total 32 experiment sets with 2060 data samples were acquired and used for the model validation. For validating the proposed empirical models, heat exchange effectiveness values (ε c , ε h ) were initially predicted by using the proposed models (i.e., Equations (11) and (12)), based on inlet water temperatures (T c,in , T h, n ), the water block temperatures (T c,surf , T h,surf ), and NTU values (NTU c , NTU h ) measured at the cooling and heating sides in the additional measurements. Then, by using Equations (1) and 2, outlet water temperatures (T c,out , T h,out ) leaving the TEM heat pump were predicted for comparing them with the actual outlet temperatures that were measured in the additional experiments.…”