Dynamic and static stretch responses in muscle spindle receptors in fatigued muscle

Nelson, Daniel; Hutton, Robert S.

doi:10.1249/00005768-198508000-00007

Cited by 110 publications

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“…This imbalance in positive and negative feedback signals can result in abnormal, sustained motorneuron activity. Also Nelson and Hutton (1985) found an increase in resting discharge frequency of type Ia and type II afferents as well as a dramatic decrease in Golgi tendon organ (type 1b) firing rates to slow stretches during fatigue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Reflex Inhibition of Normal Cramp Following Electrical Stimulation of the Muscle Tendon

Khan¹,

Burne²

2007

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Reflex Inhibition of Normal Cramp Following Electrical Stimulation of the Muscle Tendon

Khan¹,

Burne²

2007

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…Scientists have suggested that cramps occur because fatigue alters a motor-neuron excitability 13 based on the observation that electrically induced fatigue increases muscle spindle activity 10 and decreases Golgi tendon organ activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors observing changes in afferent drive (eg, latency) used supramaximal stimuli (100 Hz) to induce fatigue. 10,14 When low-frequency electrical stimulations (eg, 30 Hz) induce fatigue, muscle afferent latency often is unaffected. 15 These low-frequency stimulations more closely resemble the motor-unit firing rates of humans during MVICs (ie, ,32 Hz).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Moreover, fatigue has been observed to cause delays in rates of relaxation, thereby increasing the likelihood of fused tetani, 9 and might increase the excitability of the a motor-neuron pool by increasing muscle spindle activity. 10 Some researchers have suggested that this mechanism causes exercise-associated muscle cramps. 11 If increased excitatory afferent drive occurs with the electrically induced cramp model, then many subcramp threshold stimuli might condition the muscle to cramp prematurely, leading to inaccurate measurements of cramp TF and inaccurate conclusions about an individual's susceptibility to cramp based on some other intervention (eg, exercise).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Initial Electrical Stimulation Frequency and Cramp Threshold Frequency and Force

Miller

Knight

2012

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context In the electrically induced cramp model, the tibial nerve is stimulated at an initial frequency of 4 Hz with increases in 2-Hz increments until the flexor hallucis brevis cramps. The frequency at which cramping occurs (ie, threshold frequency [TF]) can vary considerably. A potential limitation is that multiple subthreshold stimulations before TF might induce fatigue, which is operationally defined as a decrease in maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) force, thereby biasing TF. Objective To determine if TF is similar when initially stimulated at 4 Hz or 14 Hz and if MVIC force is different among stimulation frequencies or over time (precramp, 1 minute postcramp, and 5 minutes postcramp). Design Crossover study. Setting Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants Twenty participants (13 males: age = 20.6 ± 2.9 years, height = 184.4 ± 5.7 cm, mass = 76.3 ± 7.1 kg; 7 females: age = 20.4 ± 3.5 years, height = 166.6 ± 6.0 cm, mass = 62.4 ± 10.0 kg) who were prone to cramps. Intervention(s) Participants performed 20 practice MVICs. After a 5-minute rest, three 2-second MVICs were recorded and averaged for the precramp measurement. Participants were stimulated at either 4 Hz or 14 Hz, and the frequency was increased in 2-Hz increments from each initial frequency until cramp. The MVIC force was reevaluated at 1 minute and 5 minutes postcramp. Main Outcome Measure(s) The TF and MVIC force. Results Initial stimulation frequency did not affect TF (4 Hz = 16.2 ± 3.8 Hz, 14 Hz = 17.1 ± 5.0 Hz; t19=1.2, P = .24). Two participants had inaccurate TFs when initially stimulated at 14 Hz; they cramped at 10 and 12 Hz in the 4-Hz condition. The MVIC force did not differ between initial frequencies (F1,19 = 0.9, P = .36) but did differ over time (F2,38 = 5.1, P = .01). Force was lower at 1 minute postcramp (25.1 ± 10.1 N) than at precramp (28.7 ± 7.8 N; P < .05) but returned to baseline at 5 minutes postcramp (26.7 ± 8.9 N; P > .05). Conclusions The preferred initial stimulation frequency might be 4 Hz because it did not alter or overestimate TF. The MVIC force was lower at 1 minute postcramp, suggesting the induced cramp rather than the varying electrical frequencies affected force. A 1- to 5-minute rest should be provided postcramp induction if multiple cramps are induced.

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“…The increasing interest in muscle fatigue over the last few decades has led to conflicting opinions as to whether the reflex-mediated component of the skeletomotor output increases or decreases as muscle fatigue develops during a sustained isometric voluntary contraction (for review see Enoka & Stuart, 1992;Stuart & Callister, 1993). The prime support for the former alternative comes from experiments on anaesthetized, decerebrate or spinalized cats where muscle fatigue is produced by tetanic stimulation of muscle nerves or ventral roots (Nelson & Hutton, 1985;Hutton, Atwater & Nelson, 1992;Ljubisavljevic, Jovanovic & Anastasijevic, 1992). By contrast, the main support for the latter alternative comes from studies on human subjects striving to maintain a constant contraction force Bongiovanni, Hagbarth & Stjernberg, 1990; Gandevia, Macefield, Burke & McKenzie, 1990;Macefield, Hagbarth, Gorman, Gandevia & Burke, 1991;Macefield, Gandevia, Bigland-Ritchie, Gorman & Burke, 1993).…”

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confidence: 99%

Reduced servo‐control of fatigued human finger extensor and flexor muscles.

Hagbarth

Bongiovanni

Nordin

1995

The Journal of Physiology

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1. In healthy human subjects holding the index finger semi‐extended at the metacarpophalangeal joint against a moderate load, electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded from the finger extensor and flexor muscles during different stages of muscle fatigue. The aim was to study the effect of muscle fatigue on the level of background EMG activity and on the reflex responses to torque pulses causing sudden extensor unloadings. Paired comparisons were made between the averaged EMG and finger deflection responses under two conditions: (1) at a stage of fatigue (following a sustained co‐contraction) when great effort was required to maintain the finger position, and (2) under non‐fatigue conditions while the subject tried to produce similar background EMG levels to those in the corresponding fatigue trials. 2. Both the unloading reflex in the extensor and the concurrent stretch reflex in the flexor were significantly less pronounced and had a longer latency in the fatigue trials. Consequently, the finger deflections had a larger amplitude and were arrested later in the fatigue trials. 3. It is concluded that‐‐with avoidance of ‘automatic gain compensation’, i.e. reflex modifications attributable to differences in background EMG levels‐‐the servo‐like action of the unloading and stretch reflexes is reduced in fatigued finger extensor and flexor muscles.

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Dynamic and static stretch responses in muscle spindle receptors in fatigued muscle

Cited by 110 publications

References 0 publications

Reflex Inhibition of Normal Cramp Following Electrical Stimulation of the Muscle Tendon

Reflex Inhibition of Normal Cramp Following Electrical Stimulation of the Muscle Tendon

Initial Electrical Stimulation Frequency and Cramp Threshold Frequency and Force

Reduced servo‐control of fatigued human finger extensor and flexor muscles.

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