Dynamic assessment of the enzyme immunoassay composition of the oral fluid in children with physiological occlusion and anomalies of the dentition

Abstract

Background. Understanding the dynamics of changes in the immunoenzyme composition of the oral fluid at various stages of treatment will allow the doctor to correctly draw up a treatment plan, predict its timing, and prevent the development of complications.
 Aim. Dynamic assessment of the enzyme immunoassay composition of the oral fluid in children with physiological occlusion and anomalies of the dentoalveolar system.
 Material and methods. The study groups consisted of 125 children aged 612 years with anomalies of the dentoalveolar system receiving treatment with plate and mouth guard orthodontic appliances, and 42 children with physiological occlusion of the dentition. Quantitative determination of total immunoglobulins G, A, M and secretory immunoglobulin A of the oral fluid was carried out before the start of treatment, after 3 and 6 months. Statistical analysis was carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics 20, StatTech v. 1.2.0. ShapiroWilk, KolmogorovSmirnov, KruskalWallis, Dunn with Holm correction, Friedman, Wilcoxon with Holm correction were used.
 Results. In patients with anomalies of the dentoalveolar system, a pronounced increase in the content of secretory immunoglobulin A, total immunoglobulin A in the oral fluid during treatment with a kappa apparatus and a pronounced increase in the content of total immunoglobulin M during therapy with a plate apparatus were found. In children with physiological occlusion, there is a dynamic decrease in the content of secretory immunoglobulin A 6 months after the start of observation. These changes indicate the development of a protective mechanism of a specific immune response of the oral cavity when using orthodontic appliances.
 Conclusion. As a result of a dynamic assessment of the enzyme immunoassay composition of the oral fluid in children with physiological occlusion, there was a decrease in the content of secretory immunoglobulin A; in children with anomalies of the dentition, a change in the content of secretory immunoglobulin A, total immunoglobulins A and M was found.