Dynamic Awareness

Halpern, Joseph Y.; Piermont, Evan

doi:10.24963/kr.2020/48

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Finally, we see some conceptual problems with the multiself approach that is being used in each of the papers above, except Halpern and Pass (2016). The main idea is that the driver is split into two separate agents, one choosing at the first exit and one at the second exit.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rational updating at the crossroads

Milano

Perea²

2023

Economics and Philosophy

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In this paper we explore the absentminded driver problem using two different scenarios. In the first scenario we assume that the driver is capable of reasoning about his degree of absentmindedness before he hits the highway. This leads to a Savage-style model where the states are mutually exclusive and the act-state independence is in place. In the second we employ centred possibilities, by modelling the states (i.e. the events about which the driver is uncertain) as the possible final destinations indexed by a time period. The optimal probability we find for continuing at an exit is different from almost all papers in the literature. In this scenario, act-state independence is still violated, but states are mutually exclusive and the driver arrives at his optimal choice probability via Bayesian updating. We show that our solution is the only one guaranteeing immunity from sure loss via a Dutch strategy, and that – despite initial appearances – it is time consistent. This raises important implications for the rationality of commitment in such scenarios.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Halpern and Pass (2016) propose the new concept of ‘sequential equilibrium’ for dynamic games with imperfect recall. This includes the absentminded driver problem as a special case.…”

Section: Related Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Rational updating at the crossroads

Milano

Perea²

2023

Economics and Philosophy

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“…The development of a mathematical model of awareness can be addressed by starting from different perspectives and considerations (Friston, 2010). In this study we focused on philosophical, logical, cognitive and behavioral aspects; we aim to formally identify information flows and learning mechanisms that can allow individuals to initiate a process of increasing awareness instead of focusing on measuring conscious states and processes at the neural level (Modica and Rustichini, 1994;Heifetz et al, 2013;Karni and Vierø, 2017;Halpern and Piermont, 2020).…”

Section: Foundational Elements For a Mathematical Model Of Awarenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Awareness: An empirical model

Bizzarri

Giuliani²,

Mocenni³

2022

Front. Psychol.

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In this work, we face the time-honored problem of the contraposition/integration of analytical and intuitive knowledge, and the impact of such interconnection on the onset of awareness resulting from human decision-making processes. Borrowing the definitions of concepts like intuition, tacit knowledge, uncertainty, metacognition, and emotions from the philosophical, psychological, decision theory, and economic points of view, we propose a skeletonized mathematical model grounded on Markov Decision Processes of these multifaceted concepts. Behavioral patterns that emerged from the solutions of the model enabled us to understand some relevant properties of the interaction between explicit (mainly analytical) and implicit (mainly holistic) knowledge. The impact of the roles played by the same factors for both styles of reasoning and different stages of the decision process has been evaluated. We have found that awareness emerges as a dynamic process allowing the decision-maker to switch from habitual to optimal behavior, resulting from a feedback mechanism of self-observation. Furthermore, emotions are embedded in the model as inner factors, possibly fostering the onset of awareness.

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“…7 See Hall (2000), Pearl (2000, example 10.3.6), Halpern & Pearl (2005), and Sartorio (2005Sartorio ( , 2016, a.o. 8 See Hart & Honoré (1985), Kahneman & Miller (1986), Thomson (2003), Maudlin (2004), Menzies (2004Menzies ( , 2007Menzies ( , 2017, McGrath (2005), Hall (2007), , Halpern (2008Halpern ( , 2016, Hitchcock & Knobe (2009), Paul & Hall (2013), Halpern & Hitchcock (2015), Wolff (2016), Icard et al (2017), Gerstenberg & Icard (2020), and Gallow (2021), a.o. For criticism of this response, see Blanchard & Schaffer (2017) and Wysocki (ms).…”

Section: E N D N O T E Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…88See Hart & Honoré (1985), Kahneman & Miller (1986), Thomson (2003), Maudlin (2004), Menzies (2004, 2007, 2017), McGrath (2005), Hall (2007), Hitchcock (2007), Halpern (2008, 2016), Hitchcock & Knobe (2009), Paul & Hall (2013), Halpern & Hitchcock (2015), Wolff (2016), Icard et al. (2017), Gerstenberg & Icard (2020), and Gallow (2021), a.o.…”

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confidence: 99%

How to Trace a Causal Process

Gallow

2022

Philosophical Perspectives

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According to the theory developed here, we may trace out the processes emanating from a cause in such a way that any consequence lying along one of these processes counts as an effect of the cause. This theory gives intuitive verdicts in a diverse range of problem cases from the literature. Its claims about causation will never be retracted when we include additional variables in our model. And it validates some plausible principles about causation, including Sartorio's ‘Causes as Difference Makers’ principle and Hitchcock's ‘Principle of Sufficient Reason’.

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Dynamic Awareness

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

Rational updating at the crossroads

Rational updating at the crossroads

Awareness: An empirical model

How to Trace a Causal Process

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