Dynamic behavior of direct spring loaded pressure relief valves in gas service: Model development, measurements and instability mechanisms

Hős, Csaba; Champneys, Alan R; Paul, K.; McNeely, M.

doi:10.1016/j.jlp.2014.06.005

Cited by 72 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This paper continues the previous work by the present authors in Hős et al (2014Hős et al ( , 2015 on practical considerations of mechanisms of instability in direct spring operated pressure relief valves (PRVs). Here we specifically consider valves in liquid, rather than gas, service.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…The believed sufficiency of this criterion can be traced back to work of Frommann and Friedel (1998) who studied valve vibrations in pneumatic systems both numerically and experimentally. However, as shown in Hős et al (2014) for gas and in Figs. 3 and 4 below for liquids, this criterion does not seem to capture the correct parameter trends especially for low mass flow rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…The paper Hős et al (2014) contains a comprehensive literature review on instabilities of pressure relief valves, focusing mostly on the case 3 of gas pipes. We give here only additional references relevant to the liquid case.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rest of this paper shall follow a similar approach to that in Hős et al (2014) and Hős et al (2015). In Sec.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic behaviour of direct spring loaded pressure relief valves: III valves in liquid service

Hős

Champneys

Paul

et al. 2016

Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries

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General rightsThis document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. AbstractPrevious studies into direct-spring pressure relief valves connected to a tank via a straight pipe are adapted to take account of liquid sonic velocity. Good agreement is found between new experimental data and simulations of a coupled fluid-structure mathematical model. Upon increasing feed mass flow rate, there is a critical pipe length above which a quarter-wave instability occurs. The dependency is shown to be well approximated by a simple analytical formula derived from a reduced-order model. Liquid service valves are found to be stable for longer inlet pipes than for the gas case. However, the instabilities when they do occur are more violent and the valve is found to jump straight into chatter, in which it impacts repeatedly with its seat. Flutter-type oscillations are never observed. These observations are explained by finding that the quarter-wave Hopf bifurcation is subcritical. Water hammer effects can also be observed, which result in excessive overpressure values during chatter. In addition a new, Helmholtz-like instability -not encountered in gas service -is identified for short pipes with small reservoir volumes. This can also be predicted analytically and is shown to explain a valve-only instability found in previous work that incorporated significant mechanical damping.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rest of this paper shall follow a similar approach to that in Hős et al (2014) and Hős et al (2015). In Sec.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Dynamic behaviour of direct spring loaded pressure relief valves: III valves in liquid service

Hős

Champneys

Paul

et al. 2016

Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries

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“…The latter is the sum of the pressure, momentum and viscous forcesits modelling poses a significant challenge, as the momentum and viscous components cannot be accurately approximated by analytical means without a detailed knowledge of the flow-field. To circumvent this, the so-called effective area was employed during our calculations [6,7,8], that is…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Disc Geometry on the Dynamic Stability of Direct Spring Operated Pressure Relief Valves

Erdődi¹,

Hős²

2016

Proceedings of the VII European Congress on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering (ECCOMAS Congress 2016)

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Abstract. The most important parameter of a direct spring operated pressure relief valve is its capacity, which is the rated flow through the valve under conditions given by the corresponding industrial standard. There are several phenomena due to which dynamic instabilities may arise in the system, leading to dangerous oscillations and reduced flow rate. One of the causes of these instabilities is the acoustic coupling of the valve with its upstream piping, the mathematical background of which has already been thoroughly investigated by the researchers at our department. As a continuation of that work, this paper focuses on the engineering applications by proposing various valve disc geometries based on preliminary measurement results, and evaluating their dynamic stability performance in a wide range of parameters. Steady-state CFD computations were performed to determine the mass flow rate and force characteristics of the various valve discs. Through these quantities, the behaviour of each geometry was implemented into our one-dimensional coupled gas dynamical solver, which resolves the pipe dynamics using the one-dimensional continuity-, momentum-and energy equations. The valve itself is modelled as a one degree-of-freedom oscillator. Finally, the stability maps of each geometries were calculated using the gas dynamical model and it was shown that the shape of the fluid force function does indeed have a significant effect on the stable operating range. 7695

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Ethylene fractionator pressure relieving system assessment and modification

Herink

Růžička

Malecký

et al. 2021

Process Safety Progress

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The refinery and petrochemical production facilities process and produce the gaseous and liquid flammable hydrocarbons. Most of the processes are operated under high pressure. In case of any failure, improper design or human mistake there must be autonomous and independent pressure relieving systems activated to release the pressure to the flare systems to protect the equipment against the overpressure, damages and other consequences. The article describes a safety assessment of key process pressure relief valve installation at the Steam Cracker in Litvinov, Czech Republic. The intent of the safety assessments was evaluation the functionality of the process relief valve installation, to ensure the system meets the appropriate recognized and generally acceptable engineering practices and to confirm that the system can be operated safely. The article provides results and recommendations for the Ethylene Fractionator pressure relief valves, pipes, and support modifications as well as results of the relieving scenarios determinations and calculation.acoustic resonance, ethylene fractionator, loss of cooling, pressure relief valves, steam cracker | INTRODUCTIONPressure relief valves (PRVs) are key and irreplaceable devices for safe operation and prevention of extraordinary events. The PRVs are designed to release the excess pressure from the system to protect the pressure vessel or pressure system from overpressure and consequent damages. They are autonomous devices that open and close according to the defined values without the influence of an operator or other systems, such as the control system or the emergency shutdown system. The design of the pressure relieving system is a complex problem and there must be paid a special attention to meet all industrial codes, standards, rules, and best engineering practice. There are many installations worldwide in refining and petrochemical industry built in 70s and 80s of the last century where the original design could not have been donerespecting and reflecting todays level of knowledge, experience as well as the process safety rules and recommendations. As there are technologies designed more than 20 years ago, the pressure relieving systems can be obsolete. It can be observed the original relieving systems design used to be focused mainly on sufficient relieving capacities accepting conservative assumptions without considering other rules to ensure a stability. This article describes specific and critical rules which can strongly impact the proper functionality of the pressure relieving system. 1,2 These are namely the inlet pressure drop limit at a maximum of 3% of the relief valve set pressure, 3,4 the back pressure value 5 at the relief valve outlet, correct setting of the relief valve opening pressure for multiple installations, optimal relief valve relieving capacity and last but not least the resistance of the whole system to any generated vibrations. 6,7

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Dynamic behavior of direct spring loaded pressure relief valves in gas service: Model development, measurements and instability mechanisms

Cited by 72 publications

References 30 publications

Dynamic behaviour of direct spring loaded pressure relief valves: III valves in liquid service

Dynamic behaviour of direct spring loaded pressure relief valves: III valves in liquid service

Effect of Disc Geometry on the Dynamic Stability of Direct Spring Operated Pressure Relief Valves

Ethylene fractionator pressure relieving system assessment and modification

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