Dynamic binding of histone H1 to chromatin in living cells

Misteli, Tom; Gunjan, Akash; Hock, Robert; Bustin, Michael; Brown, David T.

doi:10.1038/35048610

Cited by 579 publications

(585 citation statements)

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“…Recent results have indicated that the C-terminal domains of H1 proteins are primarily responsible for their DNA-binding properties (74), and it has been shown that synthetic peptides from the C-terminal domain of different H1 isoforms, including H1°, do not differ in their affinity for DNA (75). Recent experiments using H1-green fluorescent protein fusion proteins and photobleaching techniques have indicated a continuous and rapid exchange of H1 molecules in living cells (76,77). These results suggested that the binding behavior of linker histones in vivo is controlled mainly by factors other than subtype composition, such as linker histone phosphorylation and core histone acetylation (78), and that an eventual difference in linker histone affinity for chromatin in vitro depending solely on the difference in amino acid composition between H1°and the main H1 subtypes becomes too small to be resolved under our present experimental conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histone H1 and chromatin interactions in human fibroblast nuclei after H1 depletion and reconstitution with H1 subfractions

et al. 2004

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Background:Linker histones constitute a family of lysinerich proteins associated with nucleosome core particles and linker DNA in eukaryotic chromatin. In permeabilized cells, they can be extracted from nuclei by using salt concentration in the range of 0.3 to 0.7 M. Although other nuclear proteins are also extracted at 0.7 M salt, the remaining nucleus represents a template that is relatively intact. Methods: A cytochemical method was used to study the affinity of reconstituted linker histones for chromatin in situ in cultured human fibroblasts. We also investigated their ability to condense chromatin by using DNA-specific osmium ammine staining for electron microscopy. Results: Permeabilized and H1-depleted fibroblast nuclei were suitable for the study of linker histone-chromatin

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histone H1 and chromatin interactions in human fibroblast nuclei after H1 depletion and reconstitution with H1 subfractions

et al. 2004

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“…In general, core histones are relatively immobile in the chromatin of cultured cells when compared with other chromatin components (such as linker histones, high mobility group (HMG) proteins and HP1) [33][34][35][36] . In the case of the core histone H3, only the variant H3.3 is loaded onto chromatin within the first day following nuclear transfer.…”

Section: Changes In Chromosomal Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of nuclear reprogramming by eggs and oocytes: a deterministic process?

Jullien

Pasque²,

Halley-Stott³

et al. 2011

Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol

106

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Differentiated cells can be experimentally reprogrammed back to pluripotency by nuclear transfer, cell fusion or induced pluripotent stem cell technology. Nuclear transfer and cell fusion can lead to efficient reprogramming of gene expression. The egg and oocyte reprogramming process includes the exchange of somatic proteins for oocyte proteins, the post-translational modification of histones and the demethylation of DNA. These events occur in an ordered manner and on a defined timescale, indicating that reprogramming by nuclear transfer and by cell fusion rely on deterministic processes.The remarkable stability of cell differentiation under normal conditions can be reversed experimentally by nuclear transfer, cell fusion and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell technology [1][2][3][4][5] . This provides an opportunity to generate pluripotent embryonic cells from adult cells of the same individual and hence opens the possibilit y of cell replacement without the need for immunosuppression.iPS cell technology makes use of the overexpression of transcription factors (FIG. 1a) and has been extensively reviewed, so it is not discussed in detail [6][7][8][9] . To generate entirely unrelated cell types by iPS cell technology, treated cells must be grown for multiple cell divisions over a long period of time (up to 3 weeks). By contrast, nuclear transfer and cell fusion do not involve the overexpression of new genes, and instead make use of natura components present in eggs and some early embryos to initiate new transcription.There are two kinds of nuclear transfer experiments: egg-NT involves the transfer of a single somatic nucleus to an unfertilize d enucleated egg (in both mammals and amphibians) 1 (FIG. 1b); and ooc-NT involves the transplantation of multiple somatic cell nuclei into the germinal vesicle (the nucleus) of a growing meiotic prophase amphibian oocyte (an immature egg) 10 (FIG. 1c). Note that the terms egg and oocyte refer to different developmental stages in amphibians and mammals: amphibian eggs are in metaphase II of meiosis, which is equivalent to mouse metaphase II stage oocytes, whereas their immediate precursors, oocytes, are blocked in meiotic prophase I, which is equivalent to mouse germinal vesicle stage oocytes.© 2011 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved Correspondence to J.B.G.j.gurdon@gurdon.cam.ac.uk. Competing interests statementThe authors declare no competing financial interests. There are important differences between the two types of nuclear transfer experimen t. Extensive cell division takes place in egg-NT experiments, and functional new cell types appear as the nuclear transplant embryo develops. By contrast, in ooc-NT experiments, no new cell types are formed, and neither the oocyte nor the introduced nuclei divide, but there is a direct transition from nuclei of differentiated cells to reprogrammed nuclei that transcribe pluripotency genes. Analysis of the mechanism of reprogramming (which involves transcription of pluripotency and other genes) in egg-NT expe...

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“…Histone H1 is a fundamental part of chromatin, located at or near the entry/exit sites of DNA on the nucleosome and also binds to linker DNA (2,3). The binding of H1 proteins to chromatin is highly dynamic (4,5). Histone H1 stabilizes the nucleosome and is important in compaction of chromatin into higher order structures (6,7).…”

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confidence: 99%

Translocation of histone H1 subtypes between chromatin and cytoplasm during mitosis in normal human fibroblasts

et al. 2010

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Histone H1 is an important constituent of chromatin, which undergoes major structural rearrangements during mitosis. However, the role of H1, multiple H1 subtypes, and H1 phosphorylation is still unclear. In normal human fibroblasts, phosphorylated H1 was found located in nuclei during prophase and in both cytoplasm and condensed chromosomes during metaphase, anaphase, and telophase as detected by immunocytochemistry. Moreover, we detected remarkable differences in the distribution of the histone H1 subtypes H1.2, H1.3, and H1.5 during mitosis. H1.2 was found in chromatin during prophase and almost solely in the cytoplasm of metaphase and early anaphase cells. In late anaphase, it appeared in both chromatin and cytoplasm and again in chromatin during telophase. H1.5 distribution pattern resembled that of H1.2, but H1.5 was partitioned between chromatin and cytoplasm during metaphase and early anaphase. H1.3 was detected in chromatin in all cell cycle phases. We propose therefore, that H1 subtype translocation during mitosis is controlled by phosphorylation, in combination with H1 subtype inherent affinity. We conclude that H1 subtypes, or their phosphorylated forms, may leave chromatin in a regulated way to give access for chromatin condensing factors or transcriptional regulators during mitosis. ' 2010International Society for Advancement of Cytometry Key terms histone H1; chromatin; cell cycle; mitosis IN the cell cycle, DNA and protein content are duplicated, and the cell divides in two in a strict sequential order of events. During prophase, the replicated chromosomes condense, and the nuclear membrane breaks down in prometaphase. At metaphase, the chromosomes are aligned at the equator of the mitotic spindle, and the sister chromatids are segregated to the two poles of the spindle during anaphase. Finally, the separation is completed during telophase by cytoplasmic division. Impaired cell cycle control or cell cycle progression may result in cell death or malignant transformation.

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Dynamic binding of histone H1 to chromatin in living cells

Cited by 579 publications

References 29 publications

Histone H1 and chromatin interactions in human fibroblast nuclei after H1 depletion and reconstitution with H1 subfractions

Histone H1 and chromatin interactions in human fibroblast nuclei after H1 depletion and reconstitution with H1 subfractions

Mechanisms of nuclear reprogramming by eggs and oocytes: a deterministic process?

Translocation of histone H1 subtypes between chromatin and cytoplasm during mitosis in normal human fibroblasts

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