Dynamic cellular changes in acute kidney injury caused by different ischemia time

The metabolic pathway regulation in kidney injury and repair

“…In ischemic AKI, there is a notable decrease in multiple amino acids, including glutamate, glutamine, tyrosine, proline, and methionine (Wei et al, 2014). Shan et al (2023) have observed a significant reduction in plasma isoleucine levels following kidney I/R. In sepsis-induced AKI, a decrease in metabolites involved in BCAA metabolism has been detected (Standage et al, 2021).…”

“…Among the twenty amino acids necessary for protein synthesis, nine are essential amino acids that cannot be synthesized by mammalian cells and must be acquired through diet (Murray et al, 2012). In recent years, the importance of maintaining a balance in the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs)-which include the three essential amino acids, namely, leucine, valine, and isoleucine-and aromatic amino acids (AAAs) (such as phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and histidine, with three of them being essential) has gained attention in kidney injury and repair as emerging research studies show that their deficiency can cause malnutrition and progression of kidney diseases (Piret et al, 2021a;Barba et al, 2021;Mahbub et al, 2021;Shan et al, 2023). However, the specific roles and functions of these amino acids remain largely unexplored.…”