Dynamic cerebrospinal fluid analyses of severe pseudorabies encephalitis

Zheng, Liheng; Liu, Xiaojin; Yuan, De-Qin; Li, Ruoxu; Lu, Jianhua; Li, Xiangdong; Tian, Kegong; Dai, Erfu

doi:10.1111/tbed.13297

Cited by 33 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Studies about piscidin 1 and resveratrol have provided some alternative measures for SHV1 infection, but clinical trials need to be carried out in the future [19,20] . Intriguingly, some SHV1 encephalitis patient showed an improvement of consciousness after immediate administration of both penciclovir or ganciclovir plus foscarnet sodium treatment [2,9] . The prompt antiviral treatment might attenuate severe SHV1 encephalitis and facilitate the clinical recovery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All patients came from Mainland China, including 8 cases from Shandong province, 2 cases from Inner Mongolia, 2 cases from Henan province, 2 cases from Hebei province, one case from Hubei province, one case from Guangdong province, one case from Anhui province, and one case from Beijing. Therefore, a total of 20 cases (male: 17; female: 3) of human SHV1 encephalitis were included in the summarization (Table 1 and Supplemental Table 1 Yang et al [5] 43 Zheng et al [9] 59/M Swineherd fever, seizures, disturbed consciousness, respiratory failure, eye involvement positive 8/ND positive ganciclovir and foscarnet, antiepileptic, antibiotics loss mRS 14 Wang et al [10] 44/M Pork vendor fever, seizures negative 74/ND positive full-dose acyclovir, antiepileptic, antibiotics, GC follo instr mRS 15 Yang et al [11] 50…”

Section: Clinical Features and Treatment Outcomementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A routine blood test revealed a total white blood cell (WBC) count of 12.47 x10 9 /L (normal 4-10 x10 9 /L), and the percentage of neutrophils was 85% (normal 40-75%). Biochemical examination revealed a mild elevation of liver enzymes.…”

Section: Patientmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…x10 9 /L. Brain MRI on admission showed abnormal signals in the bilateral temporal-parietal lobes and the left insular cortex (Fig.…”

Section: Patientmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Viral Encephalitis Associated With Suid Herpesvirus 1

Zhou

Nie

Wen

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Suid herpesvirus type 1 (SHV1) is a type of neurotropic virus able to infect various species. However, the clinical cases of human SHV1 encephalitis are still rarely reported, and the clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of human SHV1 encephalitis are still unclear.Methods: In this study, we reported 2 cases of human encephalitis associate with SHV1 infection, and reviewed the other 18 cases from the literatures. A total of 20 cases with human SHV1 encephalitis were summarized and re-analyzed.Results: Nineteen of 20 patients had a history of swine-related occupational exposure before illness onset. All patients initially presented with influenza-like symptoms, and then quickly developed seizures, disturbed consciousness, and respiratory failure. The results of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) indicated aseptic or viral infection. MRI findings of SHV1 encephalitis were prone to distribute in temporal-frontal and insular cortex, which was similar to the pattern of herpes simplex virus encephalitis. Some cases with disease progression and poor prognosis might expand to thalamus, basal ganglia and brain stem. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) revealed that all patients had unique SHV1 sequences with variable reads in the CSF.Conclusions: SHV1 is a zoonotic pathogen that can cause a new type of human viral encephalitis, characterized by acute, fulminating and catastrophic central nervous system infection. Currently, there are no available approved treatments for the encephalitis, but it is possible to diagnose encephalitis quickly by mNGS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Features and Treatment Outcomementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Patientmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…x10 9 /L. Brain MRI on admission showed abnormal signals in the bilateral temporal-parietal lobes and the left insular cortex (Fig.…”

Section: Patientmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Viral Encephalitis Associated With Suid Herpesvirus 1

Zhou

Nie

Wen

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…In the performed infection assays, HEK293T cells were employed to investigate the effects of BAG3 overexpression or knockdown on lytic infection of PRV. We used HEK293T cells because: (i) Human cell lines are susceptible to PRV, and support the efficient replication of PRV [35,36], (ii) HEK293T cells are highly efficient for overexpression of foreign protein by the transfected plasmid, and (iii) PRV has been reported in several recent case reports to infect humans, which results in encephalitis [37][38][39][40][41][42]. Both overexpression and knockdown assays indicated that BAG3 played a negative regulation role during PRV lytic infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host BAG3 Is Degraded by Pseudorabies Virus pUL56 C-Terminal 181L-185L and Plays a Negative Regulation Role during Viral Lytic Infection

Lyu

Shu-wen

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Bcl2-associated athanogene (BAG) 3, which is a chaperone-mediated selective autophagy protein, plays a pivotal role in modulating the life cycle of a wide variety of viruses. Both positive and negative modulations of viruses by BAG3 were reported. However, the effects of BAG3 on pseudorabies virus (PRV) remain unknown. To investigate whether BAG3 could modulate the PRV life cycle during a lytic infection, we first identified PRV protein UL56 (pUL56) as a novel BAG3 interactor by co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization analyses. The overexpression of pUL56 induced a significant degradation of BAG3 at protein level via the lysosome pathway. The C-terminal mutations of 181L/A, 185L/A, or 181L/A-185L/A in pUL56 resulted in a deficiency in pUL56-induced BAG3 degradation. In addition, the pUL56 C-terminal mutants that lost Golgi retention abrogated pUL56-induced BAG3 degradation, which indicates a Golgi retention-dependent manner. Strikingly, BAG3 was not observed to be degraded in either wild-type or UL56-deleted PRV infected cells as compared to mock infected ones, whereas the additional two adjacent BAG3 cleaved products were found in the infected cells in a species-specific manner. Overexpression of BAG3 significantly suppressed PRV proliferation, while knockdown of BAG3 resulted in increased viral yields in HEK293T cells. Thus, these data indicated a negative regulation role of BAG3 during PRV lytic infection. Collectively, our findings revealed a novel molecular mechanism on host protein degradation induced by PRV pUL56. Moreover, we identified BAG3 as a host restricted protein during PRV lytic infection in cells.

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Swine pseudorabies virus attenuated vaccine reprograms the kidney cancer tumor microenvironment and synergizes with PD‐1 blockade

Gui,

Wu,

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Virology

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The global incidence rate of kidney cancer (KC) has been steadily increasing over the past 30 years. With the aging global population, kidney cancer has become an escalating concern that necessitates vigilant surveillance. Nowadays, surgical intervention remains the optimal therapeutic approach for kidney cancer, while the availability of efficacious treatments for advanced tumors remains limited. Oncolytic viruses, an emerging form of immunotherapy, have demonstrated encouraging anti‐neoplastic properties and are progressively garnering public acceptance. However, research on oncolytic viruses in kidney cancer is relatively limited. Furthermore, given the high complexity and heterogeneity of kidney cancer, it is crucial to identify an optimal oncolytic virus agent that is better suited for its treatment. The present study investigates the oncolytic activity of the Pseudorabies virus live attenuated vaccine (PRV‐LAV) against KC. The findings clearly demonstrate that PRV‐LAV exhibits robust oncolytic activity targeting KC cell lines. Furthermore, the therapeutic efficacy of PRV‐LAV was confirmed in both a subcutaneous tumor‐bearing nude mouse model and a syngeneic mouse model of KC. Combined RNA‐seq analysis and flow cytometry revealed that PRV‐LAV treatment substantially enhances the infiltration of a diverse range of lymphocytes, including T cells, B cells, macrophages, and NK cells. Additionally, PRV‐LAV treatment enhances T cell activation and exerts antitumor effects. Importantly, the combination of PRV‐LAV with anti‐PD‐1 antibodies, an approved drug for KC treatment, synergistically enhances the efficacy against KC. Overall, the discovery of PRV‐LAV as an effective oncolytic virus holds significant importance for improving the treatment efficacy and survival rates of KC patients.

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Dynamic cerebrospinal fluid analyses of severe pseudorabies encephalitis

Cited by 33 publications

References 5 publications

Human Viral Encephalitis Associated With Suid Herpesvirus 1

Human Viral Encephalitis Associated With Suid Herpesvirus 1

Host BAG3 Is Degraded by Pseudorabies Virus pUL56 C-Terminal 181L-185L and Plays a Negative Regulation Role during Viral Lytic Infection

Swine pseudorabies virus attenuated vaccine reprograms the kidney cancer tumor microenvironment and synergizes with PD‐1 blockade

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