Dynamic Changes in Hepatitis A Immunity in Regions with Different Vaccination Strategies and Different Vaccination Coverage

Kyuregyan, Karen K.; Lopatukhina, Мaria А.; Mobarkhan, Fedor A. Asadi; Kichatova, Vera S.; Potemkin, Ilya А.; Isaeva, Olga V.; Karlsen, Anastasia A.; Malinnikova, E. Yu.; Kaira, A. N.; Кожанова, Т. В.; Manuylov, Victor A; Mazunina, Elena P.; Bykonia, Evgeniia N.; Kleymenov, Denis A.; Игнатьева, М. Е.; Троценко, О. Е.; Kuznetsova, Anna V.; Saryglar, Anna A.; Oorzhak, Natalia D.; Romanenko, Victor V.; Михайлов, М. И.

doi:10.3390/vaccines10091423

Cited by 5 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In other study regions, the anti-HEV antibody detection rates either remained stable or increased slightly, indicating stable HEV circulation for at least the last 10–15 years. Such trends differ significantly from the decrease in the prevalence of antibodies to the hepatitis A virus (HAV) observed recently in the same regions of the country [ 38 ], highlighting fundamental differences in the risk factors and transmission routes of HAV and HEV in Russia. On the other hand, the results of the HEV population dynamics analysis indicate a decrease in the intensity of the virus’s circulation in Russia over the past 20 years, corresponding to an estimated decline in the global population size of HEV-3 over the last 20 years [ 39 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

Geographic and Temporal Variability of Hepatitis E Virus Circulation in the Russian Federation

Михайлов

Karlsen

Potemkin

et al. 2022

Viruses

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The factors influencing hepatitis E virus (HEV) circulation remain largely unexplored. We investigated HEV seroprevalence in humans and the prevalence of infection in farm pigs and rabbits in different regions of the Russian Federation, as well as the genetic diversity and population dynamics of the HEV. The anti-HEV IgG antibody detection rates in the general population increase significantly with age, from 1.5% in children and adolescents under 20 years old to 4.8% in adults aged between 20 and 59 years old to 16.7% in people aged 60 years and older. HEV seroprevalence varies between regions, with the highest rate observed in Belgorod Region (16.4% compared with the national average of 4.6%), which also has the country’s highest pig population. When compared with the archival data, both increases and declines in HEV seroprevalence have been observed within the last 10 years, depending on the study region. Virus shedding has been detected in 19 out of the 21 pig farms surveyed. On one farm, the circulation of the same viral strain for five years was documented. All the human and animal strains belonged to the HEV-3 genotype, with its clade 2 sequences being predominant in pigs. The sequences are from patients, pigs, and sewage from pig farms clustered together, suggesting a zoonotic infection in humans and possible environmental contamination. The HEV-3 population size that was predicted using SkyGrid reconstruction demonstrated exponential growth in the 1970s–1990s, with a subsequent decline followed by a short rise around the year 2010, the pattern being similar to the dynamics of the pig population in the country. The HEV-3 reproduction number (Re) that was predicted using birth–death skyline analysis has fluctuated around 1 over the past 20 years in Russia but is 10 times higher in Belgorod Region. In conclusion, the HEV-3 circulation varies both geographically and temporally, even within a single country. The possible factors contributing to this variability are largely related to the circulation of the virus among farm pigs.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

Geographic and Temporal Variability of Hepatitis E Virus Circulation in the Russian Federation

Михайлов

Karlsen

Potemkin

et al. 2022

Viruses

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“…The HAV seroprevalence above 50% in individuals aged over 15 years old in the studied cohort suggests an intermediate level of endemicity, according to the WHO classification [ 31 ]. Age-specific HAV seroprevalence rates observed in this study are similar to those obtained in the 2020 serosurvey that primarily targeted the urban population of Yakutia [ 32 ]. The significantly lower anti-HAV IgG detection rates in individuals aged under 40 years old compared to older age groups suggest the possible changes in HAV endemicity over the last few decades.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Epidemiology of Viral Hepatitis in the Indigenous Populations of the Arctic Zone of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

Kichatova,

Lopatukhina,

Potemkin

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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The indigenous populations of the Arctic regions of Russia experience the lowest coverage of health-related services. We assessed the prevalence of hepatitis A, B, C, D and E viruses (HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV and HEV) among 367 healthy adult Native people of the Arctic zone of Yakutia. The HAV seroprevalence was above and increased with age. The anti-HEV IgM and IgG antibody detection rates were 4.1% and 2.5%, respectively. The average HBsAg detection rate was 4.6%, with no positive cases identified in participants aged under 30 years, confirming the effectiveness of the newborn vaccination program that began in 1998. Anti-HDV antibodies were detected in 29.4% of HBsAg-positive cases. The anti-HCV and HCV RNA detection rates peaked in the age cohort of 50–59 years (10.8% and 3.9%). No statistically significant gender differences in the prevalence of different viral hepatitis were observed. The time-scaled phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that all HBV genotype A and D strains isolated in this study were autochthonous and had an estimated most common recent ancestor (MCRA) age of around the 11th to 14th century. Unlike HBV, the HCV strains of subtypes 1b, 2a and 2k/1b were introduced from other regions of Russia in the 1980s and 1990s. The HCV 1b sequence analysis revealed a series of transmission events. In conclusion, these data emphasize the urgent need for expanded viral hepatitis screening and care programs in the indigenous populations of the Arctic zone of Yakutia.

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“…In other study regions, anti-HEV antibody detection rates either remained stable or increased slightly, indicating stable HEV circulation for at least the last 10-15 years. Such trends differ significantly from the decrease in the prevalence of antibodies to the hepatitis A virus (HAV) observed recently in the same regions of the country [38], highlighting fundamental differences in risk factors and transmission routes of HAV and HEV in Russia. On the other hand, the results of the HEV population dynamics analysis indicate a decrease in the intensity of the virus's circulation in Russia over the past 20 years, corresponding to an estimated decline in the global population size of HEV-3 over the last 20 years [39].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

Geographic and Temporal Variability of Hepatitis E Virus Circulation in Non-Endemic Territories

Михайлов¹,

Karlsen²,

Potemkin³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The factors influencing hepatitis E virus (HEV) circulation remain largely unexplored. We investigated HEV seroprevalence in humans and the prevalence of infection in farm pigs and rabbits in different regions of the Russian Federation, as well as the genetic diversity and population dynamics of HEV. Anti-HEV IgG antibody detection rates in the general population increase significantly with age, from 1.5% in children and adolescents under 20 years old to 4.8% in adults aged between 20 and 59 years old, to 16.7% in people aged 60 years and older. HEV seroprevalence varies between regions, with the highest rate observed in Belgorod Region (16.4% compared with the national average of 4.6%), which also has the country’s highest pig population. When compared with the archival data, both increases and declines in HEV seroprevalence have been observed within the last 10 years, depending on the study region. Virus shedding has been detected in 19 out of the 21 pig farms surveyed. On one farm, circulation of the same viral strain for five years was documented. All human and animal strains belonged to the HEV-3 genotype, with its clade 2 sequences being predominant in pigs. Sequences from patients, pigs, and sewage from pig farms clustered together, suggesting a zoonotic infection in humans and possible environmental contamination. The HEV-3 population size predicted using SkyGrid reconstruction demonstrated exponential growth in the 1970s–1990s, with a subsequent decline followed by a short rise around the year 2010, the pattern being similar to the dynamics of the pig population in the country. The HEV-3 reproduction number (Re) predicted using Birth-Death Skyline analysis has fluctuated around 1 over the past 20 years in Russia, but is 10 times higher in Belgorod Region. In conclusion, HEV-3 circulation varies both geographically and temporally, even within a single country. The possible factors contributing to this variability are largely related to the circulation of the virus among farm pigs.

show abstract

Dynamic Changes in Hepatitis A Immunity in Regions with Different Vaccination Strategies and Different Vaccination Coverage

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

Geographic and Temporal Variability of Hepatitis E Virus Circulation in the Russian Federation

Geographic and Temporal Variability of Hepatitis E Virus Circulation in the Russian Federation

Epidemiology of Viral Hepatitis in the Indigenous Populations of the Arctic Zone of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

Geographic and Temporal Variability of Hepatitis E Virus Circulation in Non-Endemic Territories

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