Dynamic Changes in the Cerebellar-Interpositus/Red-Nucleus-Motoneuron Pathway During Motor Learning

Sánchez-Campusano, Raudel; Gruart, Agnès; Delgado‐García, José M.

doi:10.1007/s12311-010-0242-1

Cited by 15 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…It has also been shown that the activation of IP neurons with GABA antagonists also facilitates unconditioned responses (Chen and Evinger, 2006). A possible explanation for this discrepancy is that most lesion studies performed in rabbits refer to a rostral location of IP neurons related to eyelid responses, a fact not confirmed in many other species (mice, rats, cats, monkeys; Sánchez-Campusano et al, 2011). In all of these species eyelid-related neurons are located in more caudal aspects of the IP nucleus as performed here.…”

Section: Effects Of Acute Inactivation Of the Cerebellar Ip Nucleus Ocontrasting

confidence: 48%

Red Nucleus Neurons Actively Contribute to the Acquisition of Classically Conditioned Eyelid Responses in Rabbits

et al. 2012

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The red nucleus (RN) is a midbrain premotor center that has been suggested as being involved in the acquisition and/or performance of classically conditioned nictitating membrane/eyelid responses. We recorded in rabbits the activity of RN and pararubral neurons during classical eyeblink conditioning using a delay paradigm. Neurons were identified by their antidromic activation from contralateral facial and accessory abducens nuclei and by their synaptic activation from the ipsilateral motor cortex (MC) and the contralateral cerebellar interpositus (IP) nucleus. For conditioning, we used a tone as a conditioned stimulus (CS) followed 250 ms later by a 100 ms air puff as an unconditioned stimulus (US) coterminating with it. Conditioned responses (CRs) were determined from the evoked changes in the electromyographic activity of the orbicularis oculi (OO) muscle. Recorded neurons were classified by their antidromic activation and by their changes in firing rate during the CS-US interval. Identified neurons increased their firing rates in relation to the successive conditioning sessions, but their discharge rates were related more to the EMG activity of the OO muscle than to the learning curves. Reversible inactivation of the IP nucleus with lidocaine during conditioning evoked a complete disappearance of both conditioned and unconditioned eyelid responses, and a progressive decrease in CR-related activity of RN neurons. In contrast, MC inactivation evoked a decrease in the acquisition process and an initial disfacilitation of neuronal firing (which was later recovered), together with the late appearance of CRs. Thus, RN neurons presented learning-dependent changes in activity following MC inactivation.

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Section: Effects Of Acute Inactivation Of the Cerebellar Ip Nucleus Ocontrasting

confidence: 48%

Red Nucleus Neurons Actively Contribute to the Acquisition of Classically Conditioned Eyelid Responses in Rabbits

et al. 2012

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“…6C) (Gauck and Jaeger 2000;Boele et al 2010;Witter et al 2013). The simple spike suppression starts well before the onset of the conditioned eyeblink response (Ten Brinke et al 2014), but the extent to which the subsequent increase in cerebellar nuclei firing determines the onset of the eyelid closure or dynamically controls the closure in an online fashion is not known (Sánchez-Campusano et al 2011). Presumably, the rebound in the activity of cerebellar nuclei neurons following simple spike suppression is facilitated by excitatory inputs from mossy fiber and/or climbing fiber collaterals (Fig.…”

Section: Motor Learning In a Zebrin-negative Module: Eyeblink Conditimentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor Learning and the Cerebellum

Zeeuw

Brinke²

2015

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol

202

168

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Although our ability to store semantic declarative information can nowadays be readily surpassed by that of simple personal computers, our ability to learn and express procedural memories still outperforms that of supercomputers controlling the most advanced robots. To a large extent, our procedural memories are formed in the cerebellum, which embodies more than two-thirds of all neurons in our brain. In this review, we will focus on the emerging view that different modules of the cerebellum use different encoding schemes to form and express their respective memories. More specifically, zebrin-positive zones in the cerebellum, such as those controlling adaptation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex, appear to predominantly form their memories by potentiation mechanisms and express their memories via rate coding, whereas zebrin-negative zones, such as those controlling eyeblink conditioning, appear to predominantly form their memories by suppression mechanisms and express their memories in part by temporal coding using rebound bursting. Together, the different types of modules offer a rich repertoire to acquire and control sensorimotor processes with specific challenges in the spatiotemporal domain.

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“…The programs/scripts used here were developed by one of us (R.S.-C.) with the help of MATLAB (The MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA) routines [3].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multisynaptic State Functions Characterizing the Acquisition of New Motor and Cognitive Skills

Delgado‐García

Sánchez-Campusano

Carretero-Guillén

et al. 2014

Advances in Cognitive Neurodynamics (IV)

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Learning and decisions are precise functional states of brain cortical circuits that can only be approached by the use of multidisciplinary and complementary tools in behaving animals. The availability of genetically manipulated mice and rats, of mathematical and computational neuroscience methods, and of advanced electrophysiological techniques-susceptible of being applied in behaving animals during the acquisition of different learning paradigms-has largely facilitated this approach. Here, we have recorded activity-dependent changes in synaptic strength in different synapses of hippocampal and prefrontal circuits during the acquisition and storage of classical and instrumental conditioning paradigms. Furthermore, we have developed a dynamic approach of multisynaptic state functions to characterize the acquisition of new motor and/or cognitive skills. In our opinion, a synaptic state function is analogous to a precise picture of synaptic weights while the behaving animal learns the selected task. Therefore, the different state functions of large cortical circuits during the very moment at which learning is taking place could be specifically defined by 3D-arrays of synaptic sites, learning stages, and behaviors. Couplings between the different synaptic state functions are determined by means of weight functions that characterize the changes in synaptic strengths, the type (linear or nonlinear) of interdependences among state functions, as well as the timing and correlation relationships among them. The detailed analysis of the collected data indicates that many synaptic sites within cortical circuits modulate their synaptic strength across the successive stages of acquisition of associative learning tasks. The expected main output of this type of experimental approach would be that learning is the result of the activity of wide cortical and subcortical circuits activating particular functional properties of involved synaptic nodes, and that we can quantify these activation patterns by means of state and weight functions. In this regard, we expect that a map of state functions relating the acquisition of new motor and cognitive abilities and the underlying synaptic plastic changes will be offered in the near future for different types of learning tasks and situations. This same optimized approach could be applied to the selective stimulation of synaptic nodes across the involved circuits, in genetically modified animals, or in animals receiving selective injections of si-RNA, and other molecular-disturbing procedures.

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Dynamic Changes in the Cerebellar-Interpositus/Red-Nucleus-Motoneuron Pathway During Motor Learning

Cited by 15 publications

References 39 publications

Red Nucleus Neurons Actively Contribute to the Acquisition of Classically Conditioned Eyelid Responses in Rabbits

Red Nucleus Neurons Actively Contribute to the Acquisition of Classically Conditioned Eyelid Responses in Rabbits

Motor Learning and the Cerebellum

Multisynaptic State Functions Characterizing the Acquisition of New Motor and Cognitive Skills

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