Dynamic Changes of Metabolite Profiles in Maternal Biofluids During Gestation Period in Huanjiang Mini-Pigs

Abstract

The biochemical parameters related to nitrogenous metabolism in maternal biofluids may be linked and even reflect the fetal metabolism and growth. The present study have measured the concentrations of various parameters related to amino acid (AA) and lipid metabolism, as well as different metabolites including the free AAs in maternal plasma and amniotic and allantoic fluid corresponding to fetuses with different body weight (BW) during different gestation periods, in order to identify the possible relationships between biochemical parameters and fetal growth. A total of 24 primiparous Huanjiang mini-pigs were fed with a standard diet. Data showed that, from day 45 to day 110 of gestation, the maternal plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin (ALB), Ile, Orn, Car, α-ABA, and β-AiBA increased (P < 0.05); while the levels of ammonia (AMM), choline esterase (CHE), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), Leu, Glu, Cys, Asp, and Hypro decreased (P < 0.05). From day 45 to 110 of gestation, the amniotic fluid levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), CHE, total protein (TP), and urea nitrogen (UN) increased (P < 0.05), as well as the level of CHE and TP and concentration of Pro in allantoic fluid; while the amniotic fluid concentrations of Arg, Glu, Orn, Pro, and Tau decreased (P < 0.05), as well as allantoic fluid concentrations of Arg and Glu. At day 45 of gestation, the amniotic fluid concentrations of Arg, Orn, and Tau corresponding to the highest BW (HBW) fetuses were higher (P < 0.05), whereas the allantoic fluid concentrations of His and Pro were lower (P < 0.05) when compared with the lowest BW (LBW) fetuses. At day 110 of gestation, the amniotic fluid concentration of Tau corresponding to the HBW fetuses was higher (P < 0.05) than the LBW fetuses. These findings show that the sows display increased protein utilization and decreased lipid metabolism and deposition from day 75 to 110 of gestation. In addition, our data are indicative of a likely stronger ability of HBW fetuses to metabolize protein; and finally of a possible key role of Arg, Gln, Glu, Pro, Tau, and His for the fetal growth and development.

Taurine stimulates protein synthesis and proliferation of C2C12 myoblast cells through the PI3K-ARID4B-mTOR pathway

“…High concentrations of Tau (higher than 120 μM) had opposite effects. Recent reports show that the plasma concentrations of Tau in starter pigs are ranged from 40 to 50 μM (42) , while those in Huanjiang minipigs during gestation period are ranged from 110 to 135 μM (43) . The plasma Tau concentrations of dogs fed a nutrient-fortified endurance diet containing 0•34 % Tau over several months were ranged from 145 to 180 μM, which were markedly higher than those of the control fed a diet containing 0•07 % Tau (ranged from 60 to 90 μM) (44) .…”

Comparison of the Pig Breeds in the Small Intestinal Morphology and Digestive Functions at Different Ages

“…The TP represents protein metabolism, and the higher TP concentration is associated with stronger protein synthesis than the catabolism of the body [ 21 ]. TG is the total triglyceride in the plasma, and the higher concentration means the weaker fat deposition [ 22 ]. Moreover, HDL-C and LDL-C are involved in the transportation of the lipid, and CHE is the crucial enzyme in lipid metabolism [ 23 ].…”

Effects of Supplementation with Oregano Essential Oil during Late Gestation and Lactation on Serum Metabolites, Antioxidant Capacity and Fecal Microbiota of Sows

“…During the reproductive cycle, sows undergo placentation, fetal development, parturition and lactation with an elevated metabolic level to meet the nutritional demands of their offspring [ 1 , 2 ]. Additionally, their physiological condition changes significantly in a comprehensive way involving indicators related to hepatorenal and cardiac function [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. After delivery, the sows mobilize their body reserves for milk secretion as ad libitum feed intake is insufficient to fully support the growth of piglets [ 6 ]; consequently, substantial protein and fat will be lost during this period [ 7 , 8 ], and such intensified metabolic levels may induce oxidative stress [ 9 ].…”