Dynamic characteristics of an automotive fuel cell system for transitory load changes

Modeling and Analysis of Transport Processes and Efficiency of Combined SOFC and PEMFC Systems

“…Depending on stack power output, anode inlet humidity is between 91% and 100%. These operational values are based on the fuel cell design specifications [25] and are reported to be in agreement with transient studies under different operating conditions [32,33]. For thermal management, two separate cooling circuits are used, denoted as inner and outer loops.…”

Two-phase flow and thermal transients in proton exchange membrane fuel cells – A critical review

“…The time constant related to the transient in the reactant channels was not established. Rabbani and Rokni [22] used their numerical model to show that the liquid fraction in the reactant channels remained high for over 100 s after the current density has been decreased. The combinations from these two results point to the high liquid fraction in the reactant channels being the cause of the overshoot behavior in the reactant channels.…”

“…They concluded that the fuel cell system was capable of operating in the load-following mode. In 2013, Rabbani and Rokni [22] developed a dynamic model of the fuel cell stack in Aspen Plus Dynamics. Their simulation included the fuel cell stack with all the auxiliary components.…”

Nanofluids to improve the performance of PEM fuel cell cooling systems: A theoretical approach

“…The hydrogen fuel cell, particularly the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), has emerged as a potential replacement for ICEs for automotive applications [8,9]. This is due to the key advantages such as high volumetric power density (3.7 kW/l) [10], rapid start up (less than 30 s), low operating temperature ($60-80°C) [11,12], high electrical energy conversion efficiency (up to 55% based on higher heating value of hydrogen) [13], compact size, low weight, long useful life ($8000-16,000 h) and the capacity to work in a discontinuous regime [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. As an example, the Toyota Mirai, a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle unveiled at November 2014 Los Angeles Auto Show, started selling in Japan from 15 December 2014.…”