Dynamic Combustion of Functionally Graded Additively Manufactured Composite Solid Propellant

McClain, Monique; Afriat, Aaron; Montano, Brandon J.; Rhoads, Jeffrey F.; Gunduz, I. Emre; Son, Steven F.

doi:10.2514/1.b38282

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Furthermore, solid propellant grains are of particular interest in different field of energetics, where rapid gas production with compact devices is required (e.g., beside space propulsion, air-bags and fire extinguishers). Specifically, recent efforts for propulsion applications have focused on exploring innovative binders and proof of concepts [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. In parallel, photo-polymerization has lately emerged as a viable alternative to traditional manufacturing in a variety of industries [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological and Mechanical Characterization of 3D-Printable Solid Propellant Slurry

Zumbo,

Stumpo,

Antonaci

et al. 2024

Polymers

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This study delves into the rheological and mechanical properties of a 3D-printable composite solid propellant with 80% wt solids loading. Polybutadiene is used as a binder with ammonium sulfate, which is added as an inert replacement for the ammonium perchlorate oxidizer. Further additives are introduced to allow for UV curing. An in-house illumination system made of four UV-A LEDs (385 nm) is employed to cure the resulting slurry. Rheological and mechanical tests are conducted to evaluate the viscosity, ultimate tensile strength and strain, and compression behavior. Viscosity tests are performed for both pure resin and complete propellant composition. A viscosity reduction factor is obtained for the tested formulations when pre-heating slurry. Uniaxial tensile and compression tests reveal that the mechanical properties are consistent with previous research. Results emphasize the critical role of temperature and solid loading percentage. Pre-heating resin composites may grant a proper viscosity reduction while keeping mechanical properties in the applicability range. Overall, these findings pave the way for the development of a 3D printer prototype for composite solid propellants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological and Mechanical Characterization of 3D-Printable Solid Propellant Slurry

Zumbo,

Stumpo,

Antonaci

et al. 2024

Polymers

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“…As the material can be continuously added to the system as production continues, the total amount that needs to be mixed at once is only a fraction of the overall motor material, so larger mixing equipment isn't necessary. Since the propellant is added continuously, the printed product can vary the material radially through the grain, allowing for tailoring of burn properties as a function of position [2]. As the machinery required to manufacture through an additive system is far less extensive, it may also be practical to manufacture nearer to the use site, which will reduce transportation costs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shear and combustion characterization of printable ammonium perchlorate composite propellant formulations

Purcell,

Hargather,

Hargather

2023

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Seven formulations of ammonium perchlorate composite propellant (APCP) are developed and their properties relevant for successful additive manufacture are characterized. Extrusion in a custom‐built 3D printing system and spindle viscometry are used to collect viscosity measurements of curing primary and non‐curing secondary versions of the formulations. The formulations that behave similarly to a Bingham plastic, with apparent viscosities between 4 and 8 thousand Pa*s at 30 minutes post‐mix, are determined to be most suitable for printing applications. Measurements of one material show a yield stress of 1 kPa. Ambient pressure burn rates of 2.0–2.9 mm/s were measured for the compositions tested. All measured burn rates were comparable to the lower end of typical burn rates for APCP. The results of the characterization demonstrate a propellant suitable for use in a 3D printing system.

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“…This could lead to previously unobtainable structures and enable functional gradation and controlled integration of multiple materials. For propellants this could be a pathway to tailored grains where precise grain geometry, multiple materials, and gradation could be prescribed to control deflagration propagation [2]. Likewise, detonation wave shaping may be possible to achieve better corner turning or other desired effects including on-demand sensitivity for explosives [3].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunities in Engineering Energetic Materials

Son¹

2023

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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When Michael Faraday introduced his famous lectures on candles, he introduced the topic with: "There is no better, there is no more open door by which you can enter into the study of natural philosophy than by considering the physical phenomena of a candle." [1] This is even more true in the study of energetic materials that is arguably more multidisciplinary, including chemistry, physics, fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and material science, and in addition function at the extremes in pressure, temperature, and time scale. Amazingly, there are nearly endless possibilities for novel energetic materials that can stimulate all other areas of this exciting research area.

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Dynamic Combustion of Functionally Graded Additively Manufactured Composite Solid Propellant

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

Rheological and Mechanical Characterization of 3D-Printable Solid Propellant Slurry

Rheological and Mechanical Characterization of 3D-Printable Solid Propellant Slurry

Shear and combustion characterization of printable ammonium perchlorate composite propellant formulations

Opportunities in Engineering Energetic Materials

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