Dynamic compressive strength properties of aluminium foams. Part I—experimental data and observations

Tan, P.J.; Reid, S.R.; Harrigan, Jane; Zou, Zongshu; Li, Shuguang

doi:10.1016/j.jmps.2005.05.007

Cited by 321 publications

(186 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…On the other hand, according to Gibson and Ashby [8], Dashpande and Fleck's [6] research, the contribution of gas trapped in cells is so small as to be negligible for this increase. Microinertia effects of the cell walls [7,9] or the plastic wave [10] may cause this phenomenon. Further discussion will be conducted in FEM analysis.…”

Section: Compression and Indentation Forcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indentation of aluminium foam at low velocity

Shi

Miao

Liu

et al. 2015

EPJ Web of Conferences

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Abstract. The indentation behaviour of aluminium foams at low velocity (10 m/s ∼ 30 m/s) was investigated both in experiments and numerical simulation in this paper. A flat-ended indenter was used and the force-displacement history was recorded. The Split Hopkinson Pressure bar was used to obtain the indentation velocity and forces in the dynamic experiments. Because of the low strength of the aluminium foam, PMMA bar was used, and the experimental data were corrected using Bacon's method. The energy absorption characteristics varying with impact velocity were then obtained. It was found that the energy absorption ability of aluminium foam gradually increases in the quasi-static regime and shows a significant increase at ∼10 m/s velocity. Numerical simulation was also conducted to investigate this process. A 3D Voronoi model was used and models with different relative densities were investigated as well as those with different failure strain. The indentation energy increases with both the relative density and failure strain. The analysis of the FE model implies that the significant change in energy absorption ability of aluminium foam in indentation at ∼10 m/s velocity may be caused by plastic wave effect.

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Section: Compression and Indentation Forcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indentation of aluminium foam at low velocity

Shi

Miao

Liu

et al. 2015

EPJ Web of Conferences

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“…However, the local stress cannot be calculated in a similar manner and the mission of calculating the local stress field for cellular materials seems to be impossible. Fortunately, it was observed that the propagation of shock wave is in a nearly one-dimensional form when cellular materials are crushed under high-velocity impact (Reid and Peng, 1997;Ruan et al, 2003;Tan et al, 2005a;Zou et al, 2009;Liao et al, 2013) and the one-dimensional approximation is popularly used. Thus, we can focus on the one-dimensional stress distribution and use the force on the cross section of cellular material to calculate the cross-sectional stress.…”

Section: Calculation Of One-dimensional Cross-sectional Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Significant enhancement of crushing stress was observed in the dynamic impact experiments of woods (Reid and Peng, 1997;Harrigan et al, 2005), aluminum honeycombs (Zhao and Gary, 1998;Hou et al, 2012) and foams (Mukai et al, 1999;Deshpand and Fleck, 2000;Tan et al, 2005a;Elnasri et al, 2007). Several shock models and mass-spring models have been proposed to understand the shock wave propagation in cellular materials under dynamic impact, such as the R-PP-L (rate-independent, rigid-perfectly plastic-locking) model (Reid and Peng, 1997), the mass-spring model (Li and Meng, 2002), the E-PP-R (elastic-perfectly plastic-rigid) model (Lopatnikov et al, 2003), the power law densification model and the D-R-PH (dynamic, rigidplastic hardening) shock model .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Stress Distribution in Graded Cellular Materials Under Dynamic Compression

Wang

Zheng

et al. 2017

Lat. Am. j. solids struct.

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Dynamic compression behaviors of density-homogeneous and density-graded irregular honeycombs are investigated using cell-based finite element models under a constant-velocity impact scenario. A method based on the cross-sectional engineering stress is developed to obtain the one-dimensional stress distribution along the loading direction in a cellular specimen. The cross-sectional engineering stress is contributed by two parts: the node-transitive stress and the contact-induced stress, which are caused by the nodal force and the contact of cell walls, respectively. It is found that the contactinduced stress is dominant for the significantly enhanced stress behind the shock front. The stress enhancement and the compaction wave propagation can be observed through the stress distributions in honeycombs under high-velocity compression. The single and double compaction wave modes are observed directly from the stress distributions. Theoretical analysis of the compaction wave propagation in the density-graded honeycombs based on the R-PH (rigid-plastic hardening) idealization is carried out and verified by the numerical simulations. It is found that stress distribution in cellular materials and the compaction wave propagation characteristics under dynamic compression can be approximately predicted by the R-PH shock model. dynamic crushing. However, most research work is restricted to the stress at the impact/support end and thus the stress distribution is not well considered. KeywordsSignificant enhancement of crushing stress was observed in the dynamic impact experiments of woods (Reid and Peng, 1997;Harrigan et al., 2005), aluminum honeycombs (Zhao and Gary, 1998;Hou et al., 2012) and foams (Mukai et al., 1999;Deshpand and Fleck, 2000;Tan et al., 2005a;Elnasri et al., 2007). Several shock models and mass-spring models have been proposed to understand the shock wave propagation in cellular materials under dynamic impact, such as the R-PP-L (rate-independent, rigid-perfectly plastic-locking) model (Reid and Peng, 1997), the mass-spring model (Li and Meng, 2002), the E-PP-R (elastic-perfectly plastic-rigid) model (Lopatnikov et al., 2003), the power law densification model and the D-R-PH (dynamic, rigidplastic hardening) shock model . Because the assurance of the repeatability of samples and the measurement of local stress and strain states have not been well solved by experimental techniques, finite element (FE) method has been applied to simulate the dynamic crushing of cellular materials, such as regular/irregular honeycombs (Ruan et al., 2003;Zheng et al., 2005;Liu et al., 2009;Zou et al., 2009;Hu and Yu, 2013) and open-/closed-cell foams Zheng et al., 2014;Sun et al., 2016). The typical features of stress enhancement and deformation localization can be appropriately represented.The introduction of gradient to cellular structures may influence the macroscopic mechanical properties, and thus graded cellular materials have become popular in energy absorption and impact resistance. The compressive mechanical ...

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“…These include metal [3][4][5] and polymeric [6][7][8][9] foams, composites [10][11][12] and honeycombs [13][14][15]. One notable feature of this class of materials is the enhance-ment of crushing strength observed under dynamic loading due to inertial effects, as seen by Reid and Peng [16] in wood, Tan et al [17] in aluminium foams and Xue and Hutchinson [18] and Wu and Jiang [19] in metallic honeycombs. This phenomenon has also been the subject of a numerical study by Liu et al [20], the conclusions of which identify a critical velocity above which inertial effects become significant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High resolution simulations of energy absorption in dynamically loaded cellular structures

et al. 2016

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Cellular materials have potential application as absorbers of energy generated by high velocity impact. CTH, a Sandia National Laboratories Code which allows very severe strains to be simulated, has been used to perform very high resolution simulations showing the dynamic crushing of a series of two-dimensional, stainless steel metal structures with varying architectures. The structures are positioned to provide a cushion between a solid stainless steel flyer plate with velocities ranging from 300 to 900 m/s, and an initially stationary stainless steel target. Each of the alternative architectures under consideration was formed by an array of identical cells each of which had a constant volume and a constant density. The resolution of the simulations was maximised by choosing a configuration in which onedimensional conditions persisted for the full period over which the specimen densified, a condition which is most readily met by impacting high density specimens at high velocity. It was found that the total plastic flow and, therefore, the irreversible energy dissipated in the fully densified energy absorbing cell, increase (a) as the structure becomes more rodlike and less platelike and (b) as the impact velocity increases. Sequential CTH images of the deformation processes show that the flow of the cell material may be broadly divided into macroscopic flow perpendicular to the compression direction and jetting-type processes (microki- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK netic flow) which tend to predominate in rod and rodlike configurations and also tend to play an increasing role at increased strain rates. A very simple analysis of a configuration in which a solid flyer impacts a solid target provides a baseline against which to compare and explain features seen in the simulations. The work provides a basis for the development of energy absorbing structures for application in the 200-1000 m/s impact regime.

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Dynamic compressive strength properties of aluminium foams. Part I—experimental data and observations

Cited by 321 publications

References 25 publications

Indentation of aluminium foam at low velocity

Indentation of aluminium foam at low velocity

Stress Distribution in Graded Cellular Materials Under Dynamic Compression

High resolution simulations of energy absorption in dynamically loaded cellular structures

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