Dynamic Contributions of the Flexor-Pronator Mass to Elbow Valgus Stability

Ultrasonographic Assessment of the Flexor Pronator Muscles as a Dynamic Stabilizer of the Elbow Against Valgus Force

“…In a cadaveric biomechanical study, Udall et al 13) reported that the FDS is the biggest contributor among the FPMs, and other biomechanical studies 8,10) demonstrated that the FCU is the primary stabilizer for achieving elbow valgus stability. Several electromyographic studies have shown that the FPMs originating on the MEC, such as the PT, the flexor carpi radialis (FCR), the FDS, and the FCU, demonstrated very high activity during the late cocking and acceleration phases 3,6,7,12) .…”

The Effect of Medial Collateral Ligament Repair Tension on Elbow Joint Kinematics and Stability

“…The influence of the flexor-pronator mass on the stability of the MCL-deficient elbow was not evaluated in this study but has been reported by others. 40,41 In another in vitro cadaveric study, Jensen et al found that 25 N of MCL repair tension successfully restored native valgus laxity with and without the radial head. 42 The gravity-loaded motion simulator used in the current study complements their use of a constant valgus moment of 0.75 N m to describe the kinematics of the elbow during passive and active flexion.…”

Effect of Distal Radius Volar Plate Position on Contact Pressure Between the Flexor Pollicis Longus Tendon and the Distal Plate Edge

“…We placed eyelet screws in line with the FPL at the muscle belly centroid by direct visual inspection of the muscle, as reported by Park and Ahmad. 11 The tendon suture was passed through the eyelets and attached to the weights (Fig. 1).…”