“…Furthermore, the modes also need to ensure the battery storages can perform better and improve the utilization of renewable energy systems [9,[13][14][15]. Looking at the importance of battery storage charging -discharging, methods or mechanisms such as the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) [6,16,17], backtracking search algorithm [10,18,19], non-simultaneous charging and discharging [20], genetic algorithm [4,21], particle swarm optimized fuzzy controller [22][23][24][25][26][27], model predictive control [28][29][30][31][32], dynamic optimal power flow [33][34][35][36], and grey model and genetic algorithms [37] are commonly used to perform the battery storage charging and discharging. The used methods or mechanisms also conduct system optimization to reduce the stress on the battery storages as well as protect the batteries from being damaged.…”