Dynamic Deformation Behavior of a Golf Ball during Normal Impact

Arakawa, Kazuo; Mada, Toshio; Komatsu, Hirokazu; Shimizu, Tetsuo; Satou, Masanori; Takehara, Kohsei; Etoh, Goji

doi:10.1007/s11340-008-9156-y

Cited by 29 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…-1 has a coefficient of restitution of 0.55 (Hendee et al, 1998), a golf ball hitting steel at 62ms -1 has a coefficient of restitution of 0.77 (Arakawa et al, 2009), a tennis ball hitting a racket at 8.3ms…”

Section: Limitations Of the Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ritualized fighting and biological armor: the impact mechanics of the mantis shrimp's telson

Taylor

Patek

2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY Resisting impact and avoiding injury are central to survival in situations ranging from the abiotic forces of crashing waves to biotic collisions with aggressive conspecifics. Although impacts and collisions in biology are ubiquitous, most studies focus on the material properties of biological structures under static loading. Here, we examine the mechanical impact properties of the mantis shrimp's telson, a piece of abdominal armor that withstands repeated, intense impacts from the potent hammer-like appendages used by conspecifics during ritualized fighting. We measured the coefficient of restitution, an index of elasticity, of the telson and compared it with that of an adjacent abdominal segment that is not impacted. We found that the telson behaves more like an inelastic punching bag than an elastic trampoline, dissipating 69% of the impact energy. Furthermore, although the abdominal segment provides no mechanical correlates with size, the telson's coefficient of restitution, displacement and impact duration all correlate with body size. The telson's mineralization patterns were determined through micro-CT (Computed Tomography) and correspond to the mechanical behavior of the telson during impact. The mineralized central region of the telson ‘punched’ inward during an impact whereas the surrounding areas provided elasticity owing to their reduced mineralization. Thus, the telson effectively dissipates impact energy while potentially providing the size-related information crucial to its role in conspecific assessment. This study reveals the mechanical infrastructure of impact resistance in biological armor and opens a new window to the biomechanical underpinnings of animal behavior and assessment.

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Section: Limitations Of the Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ritualized fighting and biological armor: the impact mechanics of the mantis shrimp's telson

Taylor

Patek

2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Diameter compression and lateral expansion were in fact useful measures for characterising impact behaviour [33,34], yielding a true description of the change in shape of the ball. However, the deformation values of diameter compression and lateral expansion were dissociated from the measured impact force, thus being invalid for viscoelastic characterisation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many publications assume, either explicitly or implicitly, that diameter compression and COM displacement are equivalent [30][31][32], neglecting the effect (if any) of lateral expansion. The studies that have considered lateral expansion do not refer to COM displacement [33,34]. The publications that have constructed force-displacement curves used COM displacement values, although these graphs were not used to evaluate stiffness [27,32].…”

Section: Viscoelastic Characterisation Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viscoelastic impact characterisation of solid sports balls used in the Irish sport of Hurling

2011

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In recent years, variability in behaviour of the sliotar, a small leather-bound ball used in the Irish sport of hurling, has become evident in championship matches. The inconsistency in performance was attributed to the range of constructions and material compositions of currently approved ball types. With a view to adopting a standard core, a new methodology has been commissioned to assess the dynamic impact behaviour of approved sliotar cores. In this paper, the relationship between the dynamic stiffness and the coefficient of restitution is presented with regard to material properties, ball construction and viscoelastic strain and strain-rate dependencies. The modern polymer ball types were shown to exhibit strain-rate sensitivity, while the performance of the traditional multi-compositional ball types exhibited lesser strain-rate dependence. The traditional balls types were shown to be up to 2.5 times stiffer than the modern ball types, with this finding having implications for ball energy dissipation.

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“…また透明樹脂板との斜め衝突実験では，ボール接触面の時間変化を計測し，摩擦効果について考察した (14) . さらに垂直衝突実験では，ボールの変形を計測し，接触力との対応関係を検討した (15) .…”

Section: 緒言unclassified

Friction Effect on Angular Velocity of a Golf Ball

Arakawa

2012

Trans.JSME(C)

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The oblique impact of a golf ball with a rigid steel target was studied using a high-speed video camera. The video images during the impact were employed to measure the compressional displacement of the ball normal to the target and to determine the normal velocity and acceleration of the ball as a function of time. The rotation angle of the ball was also measured to evaluate the angular velocity during the impact. The results showed that the angular velocity increased and then decreased during the impact. To study the velocity change, we introduced an analytical model and suggested that the ball deformation can play an important role to understand the friction effect during the impact.

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Dynamic Deformation Behavior of a Golf Ball during Normal Impact

Cited by 29 publications

References 9 publications

Ritualized fighting and biological armor: the impact mechanics of the mantis shrimp's telson

Ritualized fighting and biological armor: the impact mechanics of the mantis shrimp's telson

Viscoelastic impact characterisation of solid sports balls used in the Irish sport of Hurling

Friction Effect on Angular Velocity of a Golf Ball

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