Dynamic Deployment of Road Side Units for Reliable Connectivity in Internet of Vehicles

Abstract

Internet of vehicles (IoV) promises to provide ubiquitous information exchange among moving vehicles and reliable connectivity to the internet. Therefore, IoV is becoming more and more popular as the number of connected vehicles is increasing. However, the existing vehicular communication infrastructure cannot guarantee reliable connectivity because alltime information exchange for every travelling vehicle is not assured due to lack of required number of roadside units (RSUs) especially along the intercity highways. This study is aimed towards exploring the use of cost-effective dynamic deployment of RSUs based upon the road traffic density and by ensuring the Line of Sight (LOS) among RSUs and Cellular Network Antennas. The unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have a potential to serve as economical dynamic RSUs. Therefore, the use of UAVs along the roadside for providing reliable and ubiquitous information exchange among vehicles is proposed. The UAVs will be deployed along the roadside and their respective placement will be changed dynamically based upon the current traffic density in order to ensure the all-time connectivity with the travelling vehicles and the other UAVs/Cellular Network antennas. The reliability of the proposed network will be tested in terms of signal strength and packet delivery ratio (PDR) using the simulation. Keywords-VANET; Roadside unit; internet of vehicle; social internet of vehicles; unmanned aerial vehicle; line of sight vehicular communication I. INTRODUCTIONVehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) [1] provide vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) and vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication in order to deliver extensive range of applications spanning from infotainment to safety related applications [2,3]. VANET is gradually evolving into Internet of Vehicles (IoV) that provides internet access to the travelling vehicles in addition to the inter-vehicular communication [4,5]. The popularity of IoV is increasing rapidly due to its huge potential in terms of connectivity and a wide range of advantageous applications [6]. The modern vehicular communication also offers accident detection [7]. The communication in VANETs depends on the Roadside Unit (RSU) [8]. However, this massive connectivity requires optimal deployment of communication infrastructure; in which roadside units (RSUs) are important component. RSUs provide the essential link among the vehicles and other infrastructure components to fulfill the connectivity challenges of IoV [9]. RSUs connect the vehicles to the other vehicles which are outside their radio range and also with the infrastructure components in order to provide internet access to the vehicles on the road [10].A comprehensive strategy for installation of RSUs is proposed in [10]. In [11], RSUs are placed by utilizing geometrical methods to improve the LOS among communicating vehicle in modern road infrastructure units. Another scheme introduces deployment of RSUs efficiently in modern roads using approximation algorithm [12]. A similar approach is used in [13]. Most of the e...

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