Dynamic Element Matching Techniques for Static and Dynamic Errors in Continuous-Time Multi-Bit <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\Delta\Sigma$</tex></formula> Modulators

Redundancy‐bandwidth scalable techniques for signal‐independent element transition rates in high‐speed current‐steering DACs

“…Similar to Shui et al 12 and Sanyal et al, [14][15][16] we monitor both the up (1 → 0) and down (0 → 1) transitions. The ETR during the transition from the (i−1)th clock cycle to the ith clock cycle, represented as C i , can be calculated as…”

“…However, the range of the controllable ETR in those techniques [12][13][14][15][16] requires restrictions on the minimal oversampling rate (OSR) and the maximal swing in the input digital code even if redundant current sources are used. While keeping a certain number of current sources from being switched, these techniques can precisely control the number of switching operations, achieving significant improvement of in-band linearity and noise performance in low-speed applications, such as the high-resolution audio DACs.…”

“…While keeping a certain number of current sources from being switched, these techniques can precisely control the number of switching operations, achieving significant improvement of in-band linearity and noise performance in low-speed applications, such as the high-resolution audio DACs. On the other hand, the limitation of the input digital code range even with redundant current sources, as revealed in Sanyal et al, 15,16 makes this technique less practical in high-speed applications. 15, 16 On the one hand, achieving a high OSR is challenging for high-speed applications.…”

“…Different from the concept in the ΔΣ-based techniques, [12][13][14][15][16] the proposed strategy has no restriction on both the upper and lower bound of the input digital code. With a certain number of redundant current sources, the proposed techniques do not require the oversampling or the half-cycle RZ operation, which is favorable for high-speed applications.…”

Current Steering Digital Analog Converter with Partial Binary Tree Network (PBTN)

“…However, matched components are very difficult or nearly impossible to realize on silicon since mismatch errors always exist in real implementation. Several techniques were applied to reduce or eliminate the effect of component mismatch errors such as enlarge the devices, digital calibration, self-calibration, error-averaging or dynamic element matching [1,2]. Dynamic Element Matching (DEM) is one of the techniques applied in DAC to reduce component mismatch error.…”