Dynamic engagement of cognitive control in intra-sentential code-switching during comprehension

Jiang, Siyi; Ma, Lvheng; Chen, Baoguo

doi:10.1017/s1366728922000323

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…In the present study, participants’ language proficiency was assessed using the Oxford Placement Test (OPT) and a self-rating questionnaire. The OPT provided an objective measure of English (L2) proficiency ( Jiao et al, 2020 ; Jiang et al, 2022 ), with higher scores indicating greater proficiency. The mean score of OPT of all participants was 34.21 (SD = 3.89).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lexical pathway from L2 to L1 activation in intermediate proficient bilinguals: behavioral and ERP evidence

Yang,

Jiang,

Jiang

et al. 2024

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Numerous studies have demonstrated that second language (L2) comprehension is often accompanied by activations in the first language (L1). Using both behavioral measurement and event-related potential (ERP), this study conducted two experiments to investigate whether a direct activation pathway exists from L2 lexical representation to L1 lexical representation (the lexical pathway) in intermediate proficient bilinguals. In Experiment 1, we designed a vowel letter search task on English word pairs, which enables bilinguals to prevent semantic priming in the first 300 ms processing stage after the words’ onset. In Experiment 2, Mandarin–English bilinguals were recruited to complete this task on English word pairs with occasional first character repetition between the Chinese counterparts of a word pair. Results showed a significant main effect within both the P200 and N400 time windows, indicating the activation of bilinguals’ L1 lexical representation during these intervals. However, the main effect of semantic relatedness was only significant in the N400 time window. These results suggest that bilinguals can activate their L1 lexical representation directly before engaging in conceptual representation. This finding supported a lexical pathway of activation from L2 lexical representation to L1 lexical representation during visual-word recognition in intermediate proficient bilinguals.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lexical pathway from L2 to L1 activation in intermediate proficient bilinguals: behavioral and ERP evidence

Yang,

Jiang,

Jiang

et al. 2024

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…Code switching between English and other languages has been a focal point in numerous studies. One such investigation by Jiang et al (2023) employed a self-paced reading task to explore how intra-sentential code switching affects Chinese-English bilinguals' cognitive control during language comprehension. Their findings revealed a larger asymmetry in switch costs in alternation contexts compared to dense code-switching contexts.…”

Section: Analysis Of Hot Topicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Worldwide Trend Analysis of Psycholinguistic Research on Code Switching Using Bibliometrix R-tool

Zhong,

Fan

2023

Sage Open

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The study of bilingualism and multilingualism has gained increasing prominence in the context of globalization. As a result, research on code switching has garnered growing attention, leading to a substantial number of published papers in recent decades. To gain insights into the current status and potential trends of psycholinguistic research on code switching, this study conducted a bibliometric analysis of 1,293 articles focusing on code switching from 1968 to 2022. The analysis was performed using bibliometrix, a bibliometric software package in R. The results of the analysis indicated that code switching between English and other languages, the role of inhibition ability, and the processing mechanisms of highly proficient bilinguals were prominent hot topics in the field of code-switching research. Additionally, the processing of grammatical gender, bilingual language production, and plurilingualism were identified as potential emerging research trends. By presenting a macroscopic landscape of research on code switching, this study aims to provide readers with a comprehensive overview and serve as a beneficial reference for researchers in this field.

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“…The most likely explanation is that the local language control mechanism is dynamic and may exhibit varying degrees of cross-language competition, depending on a host of factors such as the task paradigm (e.g., voluntary language switching versus language switching; [67]), language contexts (e.g., alternation context versus dense code switch context; [29]), cue-stimulus interval [16,31], response-cue intervals [16,35], types and numbers of stimuli [32], individual language proficiency (e.g., [1,5]), and individual general cognitive control abilities (e.g., [22,33]).…”

Section: Similarities and Differences In Control Mechanisms Between B...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although many studies have observed (one or more of) these effects (i.e., [3,5,13,27]), many studies have not reported any of these effects [28]. The decreased robustness of these effects may be due to the fact that they were modulated by language proficiency (e.g., [1,5]), language contexts (e.g., alternation context versus dense code switch context; [29]), preparation time (e.g., [16,30,31]), types and numbers of stimuli [30,32], and individual general cognitive control (e.g., [22,33]). Collectively, these studies suggest that linguistic task-related parameters and cognitive abilities may be key factors in revealing the cognitive nature of bilingual language control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Cognitive Control on the Subcomponents of Language Control in Spoken and Written Productions

Yang,

Lin,

Zheng

et al. 2023

Behavioral Sciences

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Aims: The present study aimed to investigate whether and how the subcomponents of language control during spoken and written productions were modulated by cognitive control. Method: In the current study, unbalanced Chinese–English bilinguals were recruited from a convenience sample at a university to complete the cued language naming task in spoken production and written production, which measured the local language control (as indexed by language switch costs) and the global language control (as indexed by language mixing costs and reversed language dominance effect). In addition, all the participants performed the Simon task, which measured their general inhibitory control ability by calculating the Simon effect, and performed the AX-CPT task to measure their reactive/proactive control preference by calculating their BSI score. All the data were collected using E-prime 2.0 and analyzed in R. Linear mixed-effect model analyses were conducted to reveal the similarities and differences between spoken production and written production for the first-step analysis. Then, the Simon effect and BSI scores were inserted into the mixed-effect models of the switch costs and mixing costs in spoken production and written production, respectively, to explore whether cognitive control can predict the subcomponents of bilingual control. Results: The results showed similar symmetrical switch costs in spoken and written modalities. In contrast, there was a reversed language dominance effect (in the mixed language context) and asymmetrical mixing costs in spoken production but neither in written production. Furthermore, we found that the Simon effect significantly negatively predicted the L2 mixing costs in spoken production, whereas the BSI score significantly negatively predicted both the L1 and L2 mixing costs in written production. Conclusion: The findings indicated that, for unbalanced bilinguals, local language control is shared between two modalities, while global language control is modality-independent between spoken production and written production. More importantly, the findings also suggested that global language control in spoken production relies more on the individuals’ general inhibitory control, while in written production, it relies more on their cognitive control strategy. Global language control in spoken and written productions separately engages specific aspects of cognitive control, which may account for different forms of processing in global language control between speaking and writing.

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Dynamic engagement of cognitive control in intra-sentential code-switching during comprehension

Cited by 8 publications

References 89 publications

Lexical pathway from L2 to L1 activation in intermediate proficient bilinguals: behavioral and ERP evidence

Lexical pathway from L2 to L1 activation in intermediate proficient bilinguals: behavioral and ERP evidence

Worldwide Trend Analysis of Psycholinguistic Research on Code Switching Using Bibliometrix R-tool

The Effects of Cognitive Control on the Subcomponents of Language Control in Spoken and Written Productions

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