Dynamic establishment of recipient resident memory T cell repertoire after human intestinal transplantation

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“…We hypothesize that this distribution may be patchy, in contrast to a more diffuse mucosal distribution pattern for T cells, on the basis of our observations from staining of CD20 + B cells and CD3 + T cells in intestinal mucosa during quiescence after ITx (30), and from our observations of fluctuating recipient B cell contributions to intestinal allograft biopsies taken from different sites at adjacent timepoints (Supplementary Figure 1A). In contrast, recipient T cell representation in these biopsies tends to be more stable at adjacent timepoints (23,25,39).…”

“…We found that recipient B cells rapidly repopulate the intestinal allograft, replacing over 80% of donor B cells within the first year post-Tx in most patients we studied. This is in contrast to T cell repopulation, where over 50% of donor CD4 + and CD8 + T cells are maintained more than 1 year in the allograft in the absence of significant rejection and with older donor age (≥1 year old), but where recipient repopulation is significantly more rapid in the presence of rejection or with infant donors (<1 year old) even in the absence of rejection (23,25,39). Our current study shows no correlation between the rate of recipient B cell entry into intestinal allografts and rejection.…”

“…Further phenotypic, repertoire and functional studies are needed to explore the local and systemic B cell response against both alloantigens and microbes to understand their contributions to graft outcomes. We recently described the dynamic establishment of tissue resident memory T cell repertoires, their crosstalk with the circulating T cell pool, and their antigen recognition patterns after human ITx (39). Strategies to control alloreactive B and T cells while maintaining anti-microbial B and T cells are desired to overcome rejection and induce tolerance, while preventing infection after transplantation.…”