Dynamic Evacuation Planning on Cruise Ships Based on an Improved Ant Colony System (IACS)

Liu, Linfan; Zhang, Huajun; Xie, Jupeng; Zhao, Qin

doi:10.3390/jmse9020220

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In general, the evacuation of a large and complex environment, such as a cruise or RoPax vessel, is a very demanding safety-critical and time-sensitive task, which requires thousands of moving people to carefully follow directions and the crew must correctly guide passengers throughout the process. Its criticality is evident from the increased research interest regarding evacuation analysis, strategy making [4,9,[12][13][14], evacuation risk modeling [8,15], and technical solutions [7,16]. The assumption that all these people will manage to comprehend and follow instructions, or even that the crew will be able to communicate verbally during a crisis, is very optimistic.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From most of the aforementioned studies and published research, it is understood that risk modeling does not directly refer to the evacuation process. Instead, they are focusing either on the flooding or fire propagation and ship conditions [10,22,23], or individually on evacuation analysis [9,14], fire safety [25], flooding damage stability, and flooding risk assessment [11,18,24]. In this respect, risk analysis on the basis of the evacuation process is justified and should offer a new perspective to consider for enhancing safety in cruise and large passenger vessels.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Development and Demonstration of an Enhanced Risk Model for the Evacuation Process of Large Passenger Vessels

Ventikos

Sotiralis

Annetis

et al. 2023

JMSE

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Evacuating a large and complex environment, such as a large passenger vessel, either cruise or RoPax, is a safety-critical task that involves thousands of people in motion and a complex decision-making process. Despite the significant enhancement of maritime safety over the years, various hazards still pose threats to passengers and crew. To deal with this reality, the SafePASS project radically redefines the evacuation process by introducing novel technological solutions. In this context, this paper presents, in detail, an enhanced risk model for the ship evacuation process in order to facilitate the understanding of the actual risks of the process in fire and flooding accidents, and to assess various risk control measures and options toward risk mitigation. The risk model covers the entire event sequence in emergency cases on board, until the survival at sea phase, and it is constructed in two levels, following a combination of event tree analysis and Bayesian networks. Results show the risk corresponds to baseline scenarios for each accident case, which are also verified by relevant IMO and EMSA studies, and an example case of risk control option (RCO) is introduced to the model to demonstrate its ability to assess RCO’s efficiency in terms of risk reduction.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development and Demonstration of an Enhanced Risk Model for the Evacuation Process of Large Passenger Vessels

Ventikos

Sotiralis

Annetis

et al. 2023

JMSE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…ln ŷi = ln a + bx i (10) From Equations ( 9) and ( 10), the loss function of the curve can be obtained as:…”

Section: Evacuees' Moving Speedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ramesh et al [9] used the hierarchical path planning algorithm (HIPLA) to solve the risk minimization problem in dynamic hazardous environments. Liu et al [10] proposed an improved ant colony system (IACS) to solve the evacuation route planning problem for cruise ships. In addition to the study of evacuation routes, these scholars also involved some potential factors that affect the evacuation speed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evacuation Strategy Considering Path Capacity and Risk Level for Cruise Ship

Yang

Zhang

Zhan

et al. 2022

JMSE

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Cruise ships are large and complex, and it is difficult to manually make a plan to evacuate people to safe areas in a short time. Evacuation time and personnel safety are both important for emergency evacuation. This paper proposes an evacuation strategy that considers the path capacity and risk level to guide evacuees in fire; it not only ensures the safety of people on dangerous paths but also reduces road congestion to shorten evacuation time. High crowd density means slow moving speed, an exponential function including straight path and stairs speed characteristics is proposed to illustrate the relationship between crowd density and moving speed. Path capacity constraints are used to avoid the congestion caused by the evacuees in a panic. In order to evacuate the evacuees in the risk areas as soon as possible, this paper divides the path into three risk levels according to carbon monoxide concentration, visibility, and temperature along the paths. The people on the higher-risk paths are given higher priority to enter evacuation paths than those on lower risk. The priority strategy evacuates the people on risk paths to safe areas in less time. This paper models the evacuation network topology of a cruise ship and simulates the evacuation process of some situations that have different numbers of evacuees and path capacity constraints. The evacuation strategies and simulation results are guidelines for the crews to guide the people to evacuate to safe areas when there is a fire accident on the cruise ship.

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“…In order to find the evacuation path in a short time, some methods [12] simplified the route topology to reduce the computation time, and the incomplete dynamic route topology made the new path different from the shortest one. With the development of stochastic optimization, some intelligent algorithms such as ant colony algorithm [13][14][15], particle swarm algorithm [16][17][18], bee colony algorithm [19][20][21], and genetic algorithm [22] or greedy algorithm [23] were used to find the dynamic path. When route topography and constraints changed, intelligent algorithms took the old path as a feasible solution for dynamic path searching.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Path Optimization with Real-Time Information for Emergency Evacuation

Zhang

Zhao

Cheng

et al. 2021

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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In order to find the optimal path for emergency evacuation, this paper proposes a dynamic path optimization algorithm based on real-time information to search the optimal path and it takes fire accident as an example to introduce the algorithm principle. Before the accidents, it uses the Dijkstra algorithm to get the prior evacuation network which includes evacuation paths from each node to the exit port. When the accidents occur, the evacuees are unable to pass through the passage where the accident point and the blocking point are located, then the proposed method uses the breadth-first search strategy to solve the path optimization problem based on the prior evacuation network, and it dynamically updates the evacuation path according to the real-time information. Because the prior evacuation network includes global optimal evacuation paths from each node to the exit port, the breadth-first search algorithm only searches local optimal paths to avoid the blockage node or dangerous area. Because the online optimization solves a local pathfinding problem and the entire topology optimization is an offline calculation, the proposed method can find the optimal path in a short time when the accident situation changes. The simulation tests the performances of the proposed algorithm with different situations based on the topology of a building, and the results show that the proposed algorithm is effective to get the optimal path in a short time when it faces changes caused by the factors such as evacuee size, people distribution, blockage location, and accident points.

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Dynamic Evacuation Planning on Cruise Ships Based on an Improved Ant Colony System (IACS)

Cited by 20 publications

References 47 publications

The Development and Demonstration of an Enhanced Risk Model for the Evacuation Process of Large Passenger Vessels

The Development and Demonstration of an Enhanced Risk Model for the Evacuation Process of Large Passenger Vessels

Evacuation Strategy Considering Path Capacity and Risk Level for Cruise Ship

Dynamic Path Optimization with Real-Time Information for Emergency Evacuation

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