Dynamic Frequency Regulation Method Based On Thermostatically Controlled Appliances in the Power System

Rui, Xinyang; Liu, Xingwei; Meng, Jian

doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2016.06.005

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…In [24] an algorithm is presented to optimize a large amount of thermostatically controlled devices in household by communicating through a central instance and thereby aggregating the devices to a distributed virtual energy storage system. Furthermore the usage of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems of buildings for DR is often mentioned in literature: In [25] the usage of 1000 air handling units as primary operating reserve and their benefit to the power grid stability is simulated. The authors in [26] investigate the extent to which concrete core activation can increase the inherent energy storage capacity of different building types and how it can be used for electrical load transfer.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the Demand Response Potential of Inherent Energy Storages in Production Systems

et al. 2020

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The increasing share of volatile, renewable energy sources rises the demand for consumers who can shift their electrical power demand in time. In theory, the industrial sector offers great potential here, as it accounts for a large proportion of electricity demand. However, the heterogeneous structure of facilities in factories and the concerns of operators regarding data security and process control often prevent the implementation of demand side management measures in this sector. In order to counteract these obstacles, this paper presents a general mathematical framework for modelling and evaluating different types of inherent energy storages (IES) which typically can be found in industrial production systems. The method can be used to calculate the flexibility potential of the IES in a factory with focus on hysteresis-controlled devices and make the potential visible and usable for power grid stabilization. The method is applied in a typical production line from metalworking industry to provide live monitoring of the current flexibility potential of selected devices.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the Demand Response Potential of Inherent Energy Storages in Production Systems

et al. 2020

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“…In [10], a novel decentralized demand control strategy for family-friendly controllable refrigerators considering customer comfort level is proposed to regulate the frequency of an autonomous micro-gird in coordination with the energy storage system, and a benchmark low voltage autonomous micro-gird is established as a test system to verify the effectiveness of the proposed decentralized demand control strategy. A dynamic frequency regulation strategy, which uses residential thermostatically controlled appliances to alleviate frequency deviations caused by high penetration of renewable energy sources in the power system, is demonstrated in [11]. A demand-side response system for frequency control in agreement with suggestions proposed by the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity is illustrated in [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the proposed thermostatically controlled loads models, different thermostatically controlled load control strategies have been presented for load scheduling or frequency regulation and have been verified in [10][11][12][13][14][15][16], respectively. In [10], a novel decentralized demand control strategy for family-friendly controllable refrigerators considering customer comfort level is proposed to regulate the frequency of an autonomous micro-gird in coordination with the energy storage system, and a benchmark low voltage autonomous micro-gird is established as a test system to verify the effectiveness of the proposed decentralized demand control strategy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Scheduling Strategy for Domestic Electric Water Heaters Based on the Temperature State Priority List

Yin

Che

et al. 2017

Energies

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Abstract:With the rapid growth of thermostatically controlled loads, active power fluctuation and peak demand growth within an autonomous micro-grid become serious problems. This paper tries to suppress power fluctuation and shave peak demand for a micro-grid through optimizing domestic electric water heaters (controllable load). In this paper, domestic electric water heater models are first built to optimize power flow within a single water heater. Subsequently, the Monte Carlo method is proposed to simulate power consumption of a cluster of domestic electric water heaters. After that, the temperature state priority list method is presented to suppress power flow and shave peak demand for a given micro-grid. Optimization results show that the proposed temperature state priority list method can reduce peak demand by 12.5%. However, it has a wider active power fluctuation range and needs a longer reaction time compared with the simplified temperature state priority list method. In addition, the optimization results show that by increasing the number of controllable loads participating in load scheduling, active power fluctuation can be reduced and the maximum active power of the given micro-grid can be cut. However, to achieve this, about 1.2% of extra electrical energy needs to be generated by the external grid.

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“…The work in [13] shows that the supply fans in air handling units (AHUs) with variable frequency drives (VFDs) can provide high frequency ancillary service of about 70% of the regulation reserves in the time scale of 8 s to 3 min. In [14], the time scale of ancillary service from commercial building HVAC systems is extended to the range of 3 min to 1 h by using the flexibility in the power demand from chillers. Recent research on residential loads [19,20] such as HVAC and refrigerators has shown that such loads can provide ancillary service with the help of appropriate control algorithms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of commercial building HVAC systems for providing ancillary services ia examined in [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. In particular, the works in [6][7][8] address the usage of commercial buildings for demand response programs, which typically involve reduction of peak power in emergency situations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordination and Control of Building HVAC Systems to Provide Frequency Regulation to the Electric Grid

et al. 2018

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Buildings consume 73% of electricity produced in the United States and, currently, they are largely passive participants in the electric grid. However, the flexibility in building loads can be exploited to provide ancillary services to enhance the grid reliability. In this paper, we investigate two control strategies that allow Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) systems in commercial and residential buildings to provide frequency regulation services to the grid while maintaining occupants comfort. The first optimal control strategy is based on model predictive control acting on a variable air volume HVAC system (continuously variable HVAC load), which is available in large commercial buildings. The second strategy is rule-based control acting on an aggregate of on/off HVAC systems, which are available in residential buildings in addition to many small to medium size commercial buildings. Hardware constraints that include limiting the switching between the different states for on/off HVAC units to maintain their lifetimes are considered. Simulations illustrate that the proposed control strategies provide frequency regulation to the grid, without affecting the indoor climate significantly.

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Dynamic Frequency Regulation Method Based On Thermostatically Controlled Appliances in the Power System

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Quantifying the Demand Response Potential of Inherent Energy Storages in Production Systems

Quantifying the Demand Response Potential of Inherent Energy Storages in Production Systems

Optimal Scheduling Strategy for Domestic Electric Water Heaters Based on the Temperature State Priority List

Coordination and Control of Building HVAC Systems to Provide Frequency Regulation to the Electric Grid

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