Dynamic generation of dilemmas in virtual learning environments for non-technical skills training

Abstract

Critical situations are situations where a complementarity between technical and non-technical skills is crucial. Several critical dimensions characterize them. In order to train for such situations, simulation systems have to be able to generate scenarios where these dimensions are present in order to solicit one or several non-technical skills. In this paper we focus on one particular critical dimension which is the "Dilemma". We present our approach for dynamically generating dilemma-based situations using activity and causality models.

Automatic Detection of Conflicts in Complex Narrative Structures

“…Conflict in computational model Internal moral conflict [12] IDtension: goals, tasks, and values [18] Conflict of goals and values [2] Dilemma generation models [3,8] Moral dilemmas [15] Inner (nonmoral) conflict [12] Conflict within one character's plans [24] External conflict: obstacle [9,23] IDtension: obstacle [18] Plan failure [4] External conflict: personal conflicts [12], counter intention [23], conflict with antagonist [5]，intercharacter conflict [22,23] Conflict between two characters' plans [24] External conflict: social dilemma GADIN: betrayal, sacrifice, greater good, take down, favor [1] Generation of dilemma [3] Paradox [13] Dramatic situations [19] Each computational approach tends to focus on one aspect of conflict. For example, models of moral conflicts [2,18] cover internal moral conflicts, not intercharacter conflicts.…”

“…GADIN [1] is one of the most complete models of conflict (as dilemma), but it covers only situations in which a social relationship is at stake (friends and enemies), putting aside internal conflicts. Conversely, the dilemma generation model [3] does not deal easily with intercharacter conflicts. The paradoxbased model [19] focuses on internal conflict in general.…”