Dynamic headspace analysis of trace volatile components in polymeric materials by wide bore capillary gas chromatography

Tsuge, Shin; Kuriyama, Kouhei; Ohtani, Hajime

doi:10.1002/jhrc.1240121107

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Dynamic headspace analysis using wide bore capillary GC has been used to determine lower MW HALS (MW ≈ 400-500) in polymeric coating paints. 7 However, relatively higher MW ultraviolet absorbers (MW > 600) could not be determined because of their extremely low volatility. 7 In this work, a new thermal desorption-gas chromatographic (TD-GC) method assisted by in-line chemical reaction in the presence of a strong organic alkali, tetramethylammonium hydroxide [(CH 3 ) 4 NOH, TMAH], was applied to the direct determination of small amounts of polymeric HALS occluded in PP without using any pre-separation procedures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct determination of a polymeric hindered amine light stabilizer in polypropylene by thermal desorption–gas chromatography assisted by in-line chemical reaction

Kimura

Yoshikawa

Taguchi

et al. 2000

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct determination of a polymeric hindered amine light stabilizer in polypropylene by thermal desorption–gas chromatography assisted by in-line chemical reaction

Kimura

Yoshikawa

Taguchi

et al. 2000

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Gas Chromatography in Analysis of Polymers and Rubbers

Hakkarainen

Karlsson

2000

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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This chapter gives an overview of gas chromatography (with mass spectrometry) (GC/MS) of polymers and rubbers. Gas Chromatography (GC) analyzes volatile organic compounds, with an upper limit of 350°C, which means that the compounds to be analyzed must be volatile below this temperature. The technique is able to analyze small quantities of material, which means that it is applicable for example to residual monomers, initiators, catalysts, some additives and degradation products of polymers. It is generally not suitable for analysis of organic compounds at high molecular weight or of low volatility. Care must be taken not to analyze reactive species, which may ruin columns or other parts of the equipment. Proper sample preparation is necessary before GC/MS. Sensitive and selective techniques are used to separate and extract low‐molecular‐weight organic compounds from polymers. The sample preparation–extraction techniques may be grouped into (1) solvent extraction from solid matrices, (2) solvent extraction of organic compounds from aqueous solutions containing polymer (e.g. biomedical implants in physiological buffers) and (3) solvent‐free extraction methods. An ideal extraction method is quantitative, selective, rapid and uses little or no solvent. Soxhlet is the old and traditional method for solvent extraction from solid sample matrices. Soxhlet is, however, time‐consuming (two or three days is not uncommon), nonselective, uses large volumes of solvents and is often not quantitative. Ultrasonication and microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) are instead much more effective. Ultrasonication works by agitating the solution and producing cavitation in the liquid. The technique is useful for example to extract antioxidants from polyethylene (PE). MAE, extracts (semi)volatiles from solid matrices and has been successfully used to extract additives from polyolefins, aroma and flavor compounds from recycled polymers, and oligomers from poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). Solvent extractions from aqueous solutions are liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) and solid‐phase extraction (SPE). LLE is rapid, but lacks in selectivity, is labor intensive and uses large volumes of organic solvents. SPE is instead suitable for separating volatile and semivolatile compounds and is a physical extraction process involving liquid and a solid phase (sorbent). Examples of separations are degradation products of PE and hydroxyacids in buffer solutions. Solvent‐free extraction methods are headspace gas chromatography (HS/GC), solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). HS/GC determines volatile compounds in liquids and solids. SPME is an inexpensive, rapid and solvent‐free technique with applications reported for air samples, water and soil, based on 1‐cm long, thin fused silica fiber coated with a polymeric stationary phase mounted in a modified syringe. The stationary phase is available in four different kinds. SFE uses a supercritical fluid to penetrate a material. Applications are antioxidants in polyolefins, aroma vapors absorbed in PE and surface coatings and their raw materials. This article reports applications in synthesis‐related compounds in polymers, HS (headspace) analysis of polymers in indoor environments, thermal degradation products of polymers at processing temperatures, environmental degradation products, and additive systems in plastics and coatings.

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Gas Chromatography in Analysis of Polymers and Rubbers

Hakkarainen

Karlsson

2021

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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This article gives an overview of gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) of low molar mass compounds present in or migrating from polymers and rubbers. GC is a powerful tool for the analysis of volatile and semi‐volatile organic compounds. The capability of GC to separate and quantify small amounts of analytes makes it highly applicable for the analysis of low molar mass compounds in polymers, such as residual monomers, initiators, catalysts, additives, and degradation products. Correctly chosen and performed sample preparation is a key step before GC‐MS analysis and crucial for obtaining correct results. This can be especially challenging when analyzing low molar mass compounds in solid matrices or in complex aqueous solutions. Some commonly applied extraction techniques are shortly presented including extraction techniques that can be utilized for extraction of low molar mass compounds from solid and aqueous matrices as well as air. Last but not least, examples of extraction and analysis of low molar mass compounds present in, formed in, or migrating from different polymeric materials during processing, service‐life, or reprocessing (recycling) are given with special focus on packaging and medical applications as well as degradable polymers.

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Dynamic headspace analysis of trace volatile components in polymeric materials by wide bore capillary gas chromatography

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

Direct determination of a polymeric hindered amine light stabilizer in polypropylene by thermal desorption–gas chromatography assisted by in-line chemical reaction

Direct determination of a polymeric hindered amine light stabilizer in polypropylene by thermal desorption–gas chromatography assisted by in-line chemical reaction

Gas Chromatography in Analysis of Polymers and Rubbers

Gas Chromatography in Analysis of Polymers and Rubbers

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